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I-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi kuyizinto ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cryogenic ezimbonini nasocwaningweni. Ngayinye inezinhlelo zayo ezibanzi nezihlukile. Zombili zikhiqizwa ngokuhlukaniswa komoya, kodwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali nezingokwenyama ezihlukene, zinezici ezihlukile ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi kanye nomehluko wazo.

I. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Liquid Nitrogen

I-nitrogen ewuketshezi itholakala ngokupholisa umoya ube ngaphansi kwezinga lokubila le-nitrogen. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko igesi ye-nitrogen (N₂). Impahla ye-nitrogen ewuketshezi enamazinga okushisa aphansi yenza ukuthi isebenze kabanzi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

Ukuqandisa nokulondolozwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi

Enye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngayo i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukuqandisa nokulondoloza amazinga okushisa aphansi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha ngemithi. Izinga lokushisa le-nitrogen ewuketshezi liphansi njengo-−196°C, elingaqandisa ngokushesha izicubu zezinto eziphilayo, amaseli, kanye nama-embryo futhi liwagcine isikhathi eside, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo. Lezi zicelo zibaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba, kanye nokuzalaniswa kwezilwane okuvivinywayo.

Ukuqandisa ukudla

Emkhakheni wokucubungula ukudla, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi isetshenziselwa ukuqandisa ukudla ngokushesha, njengokudla kwasolwandle, inyama, nezithelo. Ukuqandisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa futhi kuvikele ukunambitheka kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco.

Ukupholisa kanye nokugcina esiqandisini

I-nitrogen ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupholisa nokulawula izinga lokushisa kwemishini yemishini. Isibonelo, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokushisa ekucutshungulweni kwemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen enegesi: I-nitrogen ewuketshezi ingaphinde ihlinzeke ngegesi ye-nitrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu ngemva kokuhwamuka, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali njengegesi evikelayo ukuvimbela ukusabela kwe-oxidation kwezinto eziyingozi.

II. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Liquid Oxygen

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-oxygen ewuketshezi yi-oxygen (O₂), etholakala nangobuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwe-deep cryogenic. I-oxygen, njengento ebalulekile yokusekela impilo kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, ezibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha

I-oxygen ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezibhedlela nasezindaweni zokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, inikeza iziguli umoya-mpilo ogxile kakhulu ukuze ziphefumule. Ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izifo zokuphefumula, ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo kubalulekile. I-oxygen ewuketshezi incane ngomthamo, inomoya-mpilo ophezulu, elula ukuyigcina nokuyithutha, futhi ingenye yezindlela ezikhethwayo zokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha.

I-oxidant yezimboni

I-oksijini ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-oxidant embonini, ikakhulukazi ekuncibilikiseni insimbi nasekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali. I-oksijini ewuketshezi ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ekushiseni, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lokushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusabela. Isibonelo, enkambisweni yokwenza insimbi, i-oksijini ifakwa emanzini ensimbi ancibilikisiwe ukuze kususwe ukungcola futhi kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bensimbi.

Ukuqhutshwa kwezindiza kanye nerokhethi

I-oksijini ewuketshezi iwuphethiloli osizayo osetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuqhuba amarokhethi, oxutshwe nophethiloli owuketshezi (njenge-hydrogen ewuketshezi) ukuze kushiswe, okhiqiza amandla aphezulu kakhulu okusunduza amarokhethi emkhathini. Izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokushiswa komswakama zenza i-oksijini ewuketshezi ibe yi-propellant ebalulekile embonini yezindiza.

III. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Liquid Nitrogen kanye ne-Liquid Oxygen

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi kuhlukile, kunomehluko omkhulu emvelweni nasekusetshenzisweni. Ngokukhethekile:

1. Ukwakheka: I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iqukethe igesi ye-nitrogen (N₂), kanti i-oxygen ewuketshezi iqukethe igesi ye-oxygen (O₂).

2. Ubuningi: I-nitrogen ewuketshezi inzima kune-oxygen ewuketshezi.

3. Iphuzu lokubila: I-nitrogen ewuketshezi inephuzu lokubila eliphansi kune-oxygen ewuketshezi.

4. Ukusetshenziswa: I-nitrogen ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqandisa nokulondoloza, kuyilapho i-oxygen ewuketshezi isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-oxidant kanye ne-propellant.

I-nitrogen ewuketshezi empeleni ayisebenzi, inesakhiwo sama-molecule esizinzile kakhulu esenza kube nzima ukubhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali nezinye izinto. Lesi sici siyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe njengegesi evikelayo futhi isetshenziswe ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali nezezimboni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oxygen ewuketshezi iyi-oxidizer enamandla ene-reactivity ephezulu yamakhemikhali, futhi ithambekele ekuphenduleni okukhulu kwe-oxidation nezinye izinto, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ezinqubweni zokusha kanye ne-oxidation.

Izici zokushisa

Izinga lokubila le-nitrogen ewuketshezi liphansi kunele-oxygen ewuketshezi (i-nitrogen ewuketshezi -196°C, i-oxygen ewuketshezi -183°C), okwenza ifaneleke ukupholisa nokulondolozwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Nakuba i-oxygen ewuketshezi nayo ingeyohlobo lwe-cryogenic liquids, ukusebenza kwayo okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa akukuhle njengokwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Ngakho-ke, i-oxygen ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni nasekugxumeni kunokulondolozwa kwe-cryogenic.

I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iphephile ukuyisebenzisa ngoba ayithambekeli ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Izingozi ezinkulu ukulimala okubandayo ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokufakwa komoya-mpilo endaweni, okungabangela ukuminyana. Ngenkathi umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, njenge-oxidizer, kumele ugcinwe kude nezinto ezivuthayo njengamafutha ukuvimbela izingozi zokusha kanye nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, idinga ukuqaphela okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

I-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi kuyizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile zoketshezi ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Nakuba zombili zikhiqizwa ngokuhlukaniswa komoya, ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali nezingokwenyama ezihlukene, amasimu azo okusetshenziswa anokugxila okuhlukile. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi, ngokungena kwayo kanye nezici zayo zokushisa okuphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugcinweni kweqhwa, ekucutshungulweni kokudla, nasekupholiseni kwezimboni, njll. Ngenkathi i-oxygen ewuketshezi, encike ezicini zayo zoku-oxidation, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwe-oxygen yezokwelapha, uku-oxidation kwezimboni, kanye nokuqhutshwa kwezindiza, njll. Emisebenzini engokoqobo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-oxygen ewuketshezi kudinga ukucatshangelwa okugcwele kwezimpawu zazo kanye nokuphepha ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphumelelayo.

Singabakhiqizi kanye nabathumeli beyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngathi:

Umuntu oxhumana naye: u-Anna

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