I-HANGZHOU NUZHUO TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO.,LTD.

Umbhali: Lukas Bijikli, Umphathi Wephothifoliyo Yomkhiqizo, Ama-Integrated Gear Drives, Ama-R&D CO2 Compression and Heat Pumps, i-Siemens Energy.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, i-Integrated Gear Compressor (IGC) iwubuchwepheshe obukhethwayo ezitshalweni zokuhlukanisa umoya. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu, okuholela ngqo ekunciphiseni izindleko ze-oxygen, i-nitrogen kanye negesi engasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okwandayo ekususeni i-carbonization kubeka izidingo ezintsha kuma-IPC, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokusebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka kokulawula. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuyaqhubeka nokuba yisici esibalulekile kubaqhubi bezitshalo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-Siemens Energy iqalise amaphrojekthi amaningana ocwaningo nentuthuko (R&D) ahlose ukwandisa amakhono e-IGC ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezishintshayo zemakethe yokuhlukanisa umoya. Lesi sihloko siqokomisa ukuthuthukiswa komklamo othile esikwenzile futhi sixoxa ngendlela lezi zinguquko ezingasiza ngayo ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yamakhasimende ethu yokunciphisa izindleko kanye nekhabhoni.
Amayunithi amaningi okuhlukanisa umoya namuhla afakwe ama-compressor amabili: i-compressor yomoya eyinhloko (i-MAC) kanye ne-boost air compressor (i-BAC). I-compressor yomoya eyinhloko ivame ukucindezela wonke umoya kusukela ekucindezelweni komoya kuya cishe kumabha ayi-6. Ingxenye yalokhu kugeleza icindezelwa kakhulu ku-BAC iye ekucindezelweni okufika kumabha ayi-60.
Kuye ngomthombo wamandla, i-compressor ivame ukuqhutshwa yi-turbine yomusi noma injini kagesi. Uma usebenzisa i-turbine yomusi, womabili ama-compressor aqhutshwa yi-turbine efanayo ngokusebenzisa iziphetho ezimbili zomshafti. Kuhlelo lwakudala, kufakwa igiya eliphakathi phakathi kwe-turbine yomusi kanye ne-HAC (Isithombe 1).
Kuzo zombili izinhlelo eziqhutshwa ngogesi kanye nezinhlelo eziqhutshwa nge-turbine yomusi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-compressor kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokususa i-carbonization njengoba kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweyunithi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-MGP aqhutshwa ngama-turbine omusi, njengoba ukushisa okuningi kokukhiqizwa komusi kutholakala kuma-boiler asebenzisa uphethiloli wezinto zasendulo.
Nakuba ama-motor kagesi enikeza indlela eluhlaza kakhulu kune-steam turbine drives, kuvame ukuba nesidingo esikhulu sokuguquguquka kokulawula. Izitshalo eziningi zesimanje zokuhlukanisa umoya ezakhiwayo namuhla zixhunywe ngegridi futhi zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. E-Australia, isibonelo, kunezinhlelo zokwakha izitshalo eziningana ze-ammonia eziluhlaza ezizosebenzisa amayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya (ama-ASU) ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen yokwenziwa kwe-ammonia futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zithole ugesi ovela emapulazini omoya nawelanga aseduze. Kulezi zitshalo, ukuguquguquka kokulawula kubalulekile ukuze kulungiswe ukuguquguquka kwemvelo ekukhiqizeni ugesi.
I-Siemens Energy yasungula i-IGC yokuqala (eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-VK) ngo-1948. Namuhla inkampani ikhiqiza amayunithi angaphezu kuka-2,300 emhlabeni jikelele, amaningi awo aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okugeleza angaphezu kuka-400,000 m3/h. Ama-MGP ethu anamuhla anezinga lokugeleza elifinyelela ku-1.2 million cubic metres ngehora esakhiweni esisodwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinguqulo ezingenagiya zama-compressor e-console anezilinganiso zokucindezela ezifika ku-2.5 noma ngaphezulu ezinguqulweni zesigaba esisodwa kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela ezifika ku-6 ezinguqulweni ezilandelanayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zokusebenza kahle kwe-IGC, ukuguquguquka kwemithetho kanye nezindleko zezimali, senze intuthuko ethile ephawulekayo yokuklama, efingqiwe ngezansi.
Ukusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo kwenani lama-impeller avame ukusetshenziswa esigabeni sokuqala se-MAC kukhuliswa ngokushintsha i-geometry ye-blade. Ngale impeller entsha, ukusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo okufika ku-89% kungatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa nama-diffuser avamile e-LS kanye nangaphezu kuka-90% ngokuhlanganiswa nesizukulwane esisha sama-diffuser ahlanganisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-impeller inenombolo ye-Mach ephakeme kuno-1.3, enikeza isigaba sokuqala isilinganiso samandla aphezulu kanye nokucindezela. Lokhu kunciphisa namandla amagiya ezinhlelweni ze-MAC zezigaba ezintathu okumele adluliselwe, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagiya amancane anobubanzi kanye nama-gearbox aqondisa ngqo ezigabeni zokuqala.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-diffuser ye-LS vane yendabuko egcwele ubude, i-diffuser yesizukulwane esilandelayo inamandla akhuphukile esiteji angu-2.5% kanye ne-control factor engu-3%. Lokhu kwanda kutholakala ngokuxuba ama-blade (okungukuthi ama-blade ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinde nezinde). Kulokhu kulungiselelwa
Ukuphuma kokugeleza phakathi kwe-impeller kanye ne-diffuser kunciphisa ingxenye yokuphakama kwe-blade eseduze ne-impeller kune-blades ye-LS diffuser evamile. Njengoba kunjalo nge-LS diffuser evamile, imiphetho eholayo yama-blades agcwele ubude iqhelelene ne-impeller ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenzisana kwe-impeller-diffuser okungalimaza ama-blades.
Ukwandisa kancane ukuphakama kwama-blades eduze kwe-impeller kuthuthukisa nokuqondiswa kokugeleza eduze kwendawo yokushaya. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhawulo ophambili wesigaba se-vane esigcwele ubude uhlala ububanzi obufanayo ne-LS diffuser evamile, umugqa we-throttle awuthinteki, okuvumela ububanzi obubanzi bokusetshenziswa kanye nokulungiswa.
Ukujova ngamanzi kuhilela ukufaka amaconsi amanzi emfudlaneni womoya osepayipini lokumunca. Amaconsi ayahwamuka futhi amunce ukushisa okuvela emfudlaneni wegesi wenqubo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokungena liye esigabeni sokucindezela. Lokhu kuphumela ekunciphiseni kwezidingo zamandla e-isentropic kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-1%.
Ukuqinisa i-gear shaft kukuvumela ukuthi wandise ukucindezeleka okuvunyelwe endaweni ngayinye, okukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ububanzi bezinyo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwemishini ebhokisini lamagiya ngamaphesenti angama-25, okuholela ekwandeni kokusebenza kahle okuphelele okufika ku-0.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ze-compressor eyinhloko zingancishiswa ngamaphesenti angama-1 ngoba kusetshenziswa insimbi encane ebhokisini lamagiya elikhulu.
Le impeller ingasebenza nge-flow coefficient (φ) efika ku-0.25 futhi ihlinzeka ngekhanda elingaphezulu ngo-6% kune-impeller ezingama-degree angu-65. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-flow coefficient ifinyelela ku-0.25, futhi ekwakhiweni kokugeleza okuphindwe kabili komshini we-IGC, ukugeleza kwevolumu kufinyelela ku-1.2 million m3/h noma ngisho ne-2.4 million m3/h.
Inani eliphakeme le-phi livumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-impeller encane enobubanzi ekugelezeni okufanayo kwevolumu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko ze-compressor eyinhloko ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-4%. Ububanzi be-impeller yesigaba sokuqala bungancishiswa nakakhulu.
Ikhanda eliphakeme lifinyelelwa yi-angle yokuphambuka kwe-impeller engu-75°, okwandisa ingxenye yejubane elijikelezayo endaweni yokukhipha futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ikhanda eliphakeme ngokwesilinganiso sika-Euler.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-impeller anejubane eliphezulu nokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-impeller kuncishiswe kancane ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuphezulu kwe-volute. Lokhu kungakhokhelwa ngokusebenzisa i-snake ephakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kwala ma-volute, ukusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo okufika ku-87% kungafinyelelwa kunombolo ye-Mach engu-1.0 kanye ne-flow coefficient engu-0.24.
I-volute encane ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukushayisana namanye ama-volute lapho ububanzi begiya elikhulu buncishisiwe. Abaqhubi bangonga izindleko ngokushintsha kusuka kumoto enama-pole ayi-6 baye kumoto ene-pole ezine enesivinini esiphezulu (1000 rpm kuya ku-1500 rpm) ngaphandle kokudlula isivinini esiphezulu segiya esivunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inganciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha zamagiya amakhulu nama-helical.
Sekukonke, i-compressor eyinhloko ingonga kufika ku-2% ezindlekweni zenhlokodolobha, kanti injini ingonga no-2% ezindlekweni zenhlokodolobha. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-volute amancane awasebenzi kahle kangako, isinqumo sokuwasebenzisa sincike kakhulu ezintweni eziza kuqala kumakhasimende (izindleko vs. ukusebenza kahle) futhi kumele sihlolwe ngokwesisekelo sephrojekthi ngayinye.
Ukuze kwandiswe amakhono okulawula, i-IGV ingafakwa ngaphambi kwezigaba eziningi. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi e-IGC angaphambilini, ayehlanganisa ama-IGV kuphela kuze kube yisigaba sokuqala.
Ekuphindaphindeni kwangaphambilini kwe-IGC, i-vortex coefficient (okungukuthi, i-engeli ye-IGV yesibili ehlukaniswe yi-engeli ye-IGV1 yokuqala) yahlala ingaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukugeleza bekuya phambili (i-engeli > 0°, ikhanda elinciphayo) noma i-vortex ebuyela emuva (i-engeli < 0). °, ingcindezi iyanda). Lokhu akunamsebenzi ngoba uphawu lwe-engeli luyashintsha phakathi kwama-vortices amahle nangalungile.
Ukucushwa okusha kuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe izilinganiso ezimbili ezahlukene ze-vortex lapho umshini usemodi ye-vortex yaphambili neyangemuva, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ububanzi bokulawula ngo-4% ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo.
Ngokufaka i-LS diffuser ye-impeller evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-BAC, ukusebenza kahle kwezigaba eziningi kungakhushulwa kufike ku-89%. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kunciphisa inani lezigaba ze-BAC ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle kwesitimela sonke. Ukunciphisa inani lezigaba kuqeda isidingo se-intercooler, ipayipi legesi elihambisanayo, kanye nezingxenye ze-rotor ne-stator, okuholela ekongeni izindleko okungu-10%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-compressor yomoya eyinhloko kanye ne-compressor ye-booster emshinini owodwa.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, igiya eliphakathi livame ukudingwa phakathi kwe-turbine yomusi kanye ne-VAC. Ngomklamo omusha we-IGC ovela ku-Siemens Energy, leli giya elingasebenzi lingafakwa ku-gearbox ngokungeza i-idler shaft phakathi kwe-pinion shaft kanye negiya elikhulu (amagiya ama-4). Lokhu kunganciphisa izindleko zomugqa ophelele (i-compressor eyinhloko kanye nemishini yokusiza) ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-4%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagiya anama-pinion angu-4 ayindlela engcono kakhulu kunezinjini ezigoqekayo zokushintsha kusuka kuma-motor anama-pole angu-6 kuya kuma-motor anama-pole angu-4 kuma-compressor amakhulu omoya amakhulu (uma kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokushayisana kwe-volute noma uma isivinini esiphezulu se-pinion esivunyelwe sizoncishiswa). ) esidlule.
Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuya ngokuya kuvama kakhulu ezimakethe eziningana ezibalulekile ekususeni i-carbonization yezimboni, kufaka phakathi amaphampu okushisa kanye nokucindezelwa komusi, kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-CO2 ekuthuthukisweni kokubanjwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-carbon (CCUS).
I-Siemens Energy inomlando omude wokuklama nokusebenzisa ama-IGC. Njengoba kufakazelwa yimizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko engenhla (neminye), sizibophezele ekuqhubekeni nokuthuthukisa le mishini ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukile futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ezikhulayo ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqina okuqhubekayo. KT2