Umbhali: Lukas Bijikli, Umphathi Wephothifoliyo Yomkhiqizo, Amadrayivu Egiya Ahlanganisiwe, I-R&D CO2 Compression and Heat Pump, Siemens Energy.
Iminyaka eminingi, i-Integrated Gear Compressor (IGC) kube ubuchwepheshe obukhethwayo ezitshalweni zokuhlukanisa umoya. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwabo okuphezulu, okuholela ngokuqondile ekunciphiseni izindleko ze-oxygen, i-nitrogen ne-inert gas. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okukhulayo ekususweni kwekhabhoni kubeka izimfuno ezintsha kuma-IPC, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka kokulawula. Izindleko ezinkulu ziyaqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekile kubanikazi bemishini, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-Siemens Energy iqale amaphrojekthi ambalwa ocwaningo nentuthuko (i-R&D) okuhloswe ngawo ukukhulisa amakhono e-IGC ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziguqukayo zemakethe yokuhlukanisa umoya. Lesi sihloko sigqamisa ukuthuthukiswa okuthile kwesakhiwo esikwenzile futhi sidingida ukuthi lezi zinguquko zingasiza kanjani ukuhlangabezana nezindleko zamakhasimende ethu kanye nezinhloso zokunciphisa ikhabhoni.
Amayunithi amaningi okuhlukanisa umoya namuhla afakwe ama-compressor amabili: i-main air compressor (MAC) kanye ne-boost air compressor (BAC). I-compressor yomoya eyinhloko ivamise ukucindezela wonke ukugeleza komoya kusuka kungcindezi yomoya kuya cishe kumabha ayi-6. Ingxenye yalokhu kugeleza bese iphinde icindezelwe ku-BAC ibe yingcindezi efinyelela kumabha angama-60.
Ngokuya ngomthombo wamandla, i-compressor ivame ukuqhutshwa yi-steam turbine noma i-motor kagesi. Uma usebenzisa i-turbine yesitimu, womabili ama-compressor ashayelwa i-turbine efanayo emaphethelweni angamawele e-shaft. Kuhlelo lwe-classical, igiya eliphakathi lifakwe phakathi kwe-steam turbine ne-HAC (Fig. 1).
Kuzo zombili izinhlelo ezishayelwa ngogesi kanye ne-steam turbine, ukusebenza kahle kwe-compressor kuyisici esinamandla sokususa ikhabhoni njengoba kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweyunithi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-MGP ashayelwa izinjini zesitimu, njengoba ukushisa okuningi kokukhiqizwa kwesitimu kutholakala kumabhoyela aphehla uphethiloli.
Nakuba ama-motor kagesi ehlinzeka ngenye indlela eluhlaza okotshani be-steam turbine drives, kuvame ukuba nesidingo esikhulu sokulawula ukuguquguquka. Izitshalo eziningi zesimanje zokuhlukanisa umoya ezakhiwayo namuhla zixhunywe kugridi futhi zinezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo. E-Australia, isibonelo, kunezinhlelo zokwakha izitshalo ezimbalwa ze-ammonia eziluhlaza ezizosebenzisa amayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya (ASUs) ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen ye-ammonia synthesis futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zithole ugesi ovela emapulazini omoya aseduze nawelanga. Kulezi zitshalo, ukuguquguquka kokulawula kubalulekile ukunxephezela ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo ekukhiqizeni amandla.
I-Siemens Energy ithuthukise i-IGC yokuqala (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-VK) ngo-1948. Namuhla inkampani ikhiqiza amayunithi angaphezu kuka-2,300 emhlabeni wonke, amaningi awo aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okugeleza angaphezu kuka-400,000 m3/h. Ama-MGP ethu esimanje anesilinganiso sokugeleza esingafika ku-1.2 million cubic metres ngehora esakhiweni esisodwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinguqulo ezingenagiya zama-conpressor e-console anezilinganiso zokucindezela ezifika ku-2.5 noma ngaphezulu ezinguqulweni zesiteji esisodwa kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela kufika ku-6 ezinguqulweni ze-serial.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo zokusebenza kahle kwe-IGC, ukuguquguquka kokulawula kanye nezindleko zemali enkulu, senze ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini okuphawulekayo, okufingqiwe ngezansi.
Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwenani lama-impeller ngokuvamile asetshenziswa esigabeni sokuqala se-MAC kuyanda ngokushintshashintsha ijometri ye-blade. Ngalesi sixhumi esisha, ukusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo okungafika ku-89% kungafinyelelwa ngokuhambisana nezihlukanisi ezijwayelekile ze-LS nangaphezulu kuka-90% kuhlanganiswe nesizukulwane esisha sama-hybrid diffuser.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-impeller inenombolo ye-Mach ephakeme kune-1.3, ehlinzeka ngesiteji sokuqala nge-high density yamandla kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela. Lokhu futhi kunciphisa amandla amagiya ezinhlelo ze-MAC ezinezigaba ezintathu okufanele zidluliselwe, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagiya amancane obubanzi kanye namabhokisi okushayela aqondile ezigabeni zokuqala.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LS vane diffuser yobude obugcwele yendabuko, isizukulwane esilandelayo se-hybrid diffuser sinokusebenza kahle kwesiteji okungu-2.5% kanye nesici sokulawula esingu-3%. Lokhu kwanda kufinyelelwa ngokuxuba ama-blades (okungukuthi ama-blade ahlukaniswe abe yizigaba ezigcwele ubude kanye nengxenye yobude). Kulesi simiso
Ukugeleza okuphumayo phakathi kwe-impeller ne-diffuser kuncishiswa ngengxenye yobude be-blade etholakala eduze kwe-impeller kunama-blades we-diffuser ye-LS evamile. Njengesihlukanisi se-LS esivamile, imiphetho ephambili yama-blade anobude obugcwele ilingana ne-impeller ukugwema ukusebenzisana kwe-impeller-diffuser okungase kulimaze ama-blades.
Ukwandisa kancane ukuphakama kwama-blades eduze kwe-impeller futhi kuthuthukisa isiqondiso sokugeleza eduze nendawo yokushaya. Ngenxa yokuthi unqenqema oluphambili lwesigaba se-vane ubude obugcwele luhlala lulingana nobubanzi obufanayo ne-LS diffuser evamile, i-throttle line ayithinteki, okuvumela ububanzi obubanzi bokusebenza nokushuna.
Umjovo wamanzi uhlanganisa ukujova amaconsi amanzi emoyeni eshubhu lokumunca. Amaconsi ayahwamuka futhi amunce ukushisa emgudwini wegesi wenqubo, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izinga lokushisa lokungena elingene esigabeni sokuminyanisa. Lokhu kubangela ukwehliswa kwezidingo zamandla e-isetropic kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-1%.
Ukuqinisa i-shaft yegiya kukuvumela ukuthi ukwandise ukucindezeleka okuvumelekile endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ububanzi bezinyo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahleka kwemishini ku-gearbox kuze kufike ku-25%, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokusebenza kahle sekukonke kuze kufike ku-0.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ezinkulu ze-compressor zingancishiswa kuze kufike ku-1% ngoba kusetshenziswa insimbi encane ku-gearbox omkhulu.
Le impeller ingasebenza nge-flow coefficient (φ) efika ku-0.25 futhi inikeza i-6% ngaphezulu kwekhanda kune-65 degree impellers. Ukwengeza, i-coefficient yokugeleza ifinyelela ku-0.25, futhi ekwakhiweni kokugeleza kabili komshini we-IGC, ukugeleza kwe-volumetric kufinyelela ku-1.2 million m3 / h noma ngisho nezigidi ezingu-2.4 m3 / h.
Inani eliphakeme le-phi livumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-impeller yobubanzi obuncane ekugelezeni kwevolumu efanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko ze-compressor eyinhloko kufika ku-4%. Ububanzi be-impeller yesiteji sokuqala bungancishiswa nakakhulu.
Ikhanda eliphakeme lifinyelelwa nge-engeli engu-75° yokuchezuka kwe-impeller, enyusa ingxenye yesivinini esiyisiyingi endaweni yokuphuma futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ikhanda eliphakeme ngokuya ngesibalo sika-Euler.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-impellers anesivinini esiphezulu futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-impeller kuyancipha kancane ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okuphezulu ku-volute. Lokhu kunganxeshezelwa ngokusebenzisa umnenke ophakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kwala mavoti, ukusebenza kahle okuguquguqukayo okufika ku-87% kungafinyelelwa ngenani le-Mach lika-1.0 kanye ne-flow coefficient engu-0.24.
I-volute encane ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukushayisana namanye ama-volute lapho ububanzi begiya elikhulu buncishisiwe. Ama-opharetha angonga izindleko ngokushintsha ukusuka kumotho enezigxobo eziyisi-6 ukuya kweyenjini enesivinini esikhulu esingu-4-pole (1000 rpm ukuya ku-1500 rpm) ngaphandle kokweqa isivinini esikhulu esivumelekile segiya. Ukwengeza, kunganciphisa izindleko zempahla yamagiya e-helical namagiya amakhulu.
Sekukonke, i-compressor eyinhloko ingonga kuze kufike ku-2% ezindlekweni ezinkulu, kanye nenjini futhi ingonga u-2% ezindlekweni ezinkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-compact volute asebenza kahle kancane, isinqumo sokuwasebenzisa sincike kakhulu ezintweni eziza kuqala zekhasimende (izindleko uma ziqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle) futhi kufanele zihlolwe ngokwesisekelo sephrojekthi ngayinye.
Ukwandisa amandla okulawula, i-IGV ingafakwa phambi kwezigaba eziningi. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi we-IGC adlule, ahlanganisa ama-IGV kuze kufike esigabeni sokuqala.
Ekuphindaphindweni kwangaphambilini kwe-IGC, i-vortex coefficient (okungukuthi, i-engeli ye-IGV yesibili ehlukaniswe nge-engeli ye-IGV1 yokuqala) yahlala ingashintshi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukugeleza kuya phambili (i-angle> 0 °, ikhanda elinciphisa) noma i-vortex ehlehlayo (i-engeli <0). °, ingcindezi iyanda). Lokhu kubi ngoba uphawu lwe-engeli luyashintsha phakathi kwama-vortices aphozithivu nama-negative.
Ukucushwa okusha kuvumela izilinganiso ezimbili ezihlukene ze-vortex ukuthi zisetshenziswe uma umshini ukumodi ye-vortex eya phambili futhi ehlehlayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ububanzi bokulawula ngo-4% kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo.
Ngokufaka i-LS diffuser yesixhumi esivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-BAC, ukusebenza kahle kwezigaba eziningi kunganyuswa kube ngu-89%. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kunciphisa inani lezigaba ze-BAC kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle kwesitimela sekukonke. Ukunciphisa inani lezigaba kuqeda isidingo se-intercooler, inqubo yokufaka igesi yamapayipi, kanye nezingxenye ze-rotor ne-stator, okuholela ekongeni kwezindleko ngo-10%. Ukwengeza, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-compressor yomoya eyinhloko kanye ne-booster compressor emshinini owodwa.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, igiya eliphakathi ngokuvamile liyadingeka phakathi kwe-steam turbine ne-VAC. Ngomklamo omusha we-IGC ovela ku-Siemens Energy, leli giya le-idler lingahlanganiswa ku-gearbox ngokwengeza umshini ongenamsebenzi phakathi kwe-pinion shaft negiya elikhulu (amagiya angu-4). Lokhu kungehlisa isamba sezindleko zikalayini (i-compressor eyinhloko kanye nemishini eyisiza) kufika ku-4%.
Ukwengeza, amagiya angama-4-pinion ayindlela esebenza kahle kakhudlwana yamamotho wokuskrola ahlangene ukuze ashintshe asuke ku-6-pole kuya ku-4-pole motors kuma-compressor amakhulu amakhulu omoya (uma kungenzeka kube khona ukungqubuzana kwevolonti noma uma isivinini esiphezulu esivumelekile sokuphina sizoncishiswa). ) edlule.
Ukusetshenziswa kwabo futhi kuvame kakhulu ezimakethe eziningana ezibalulekile ekuqothulweni kwezimboni, okuhlanganisa amaphampu okushisa nokucindezelwa kwesitimu, kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-CO2 ekuthuthukisweni kwe-carbon, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa (CCUS).
I-Siemens Energy inomlando omude wokuklama nokusebenzisa ama-IGC. Njengoba kufakazelwa yile mizamo engenhla (kanye neminye) yocwaningo nentuthuko, sizibophezele ekuqhubekeni nokusungula le mishini ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ezikhulayo zezindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe kanye nokusimama okwandisiwe. I-KT2
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-28-2024