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Muva nje, umoya-mpilo osemathinini udonsele ukunaka kweminye imikhiqizo ethembisa ukuthuthukisa impilo namandla, ikakhulukazi eColorado. Ochwepheshe be-CU Anschutz bachaza lokho okushiwo abakhiqizi.
Phakathi neminyaka emithathu, umoya-mpilo osemathinini wawusutholakala cishe njengomoya-mpilo wangempela. Ukwanda kwesidingo okubangelwa ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, amadili e-“Shark Tank” kanye nezigcawu ezivela ku-“The Simpsons” kuholele ekwandeni kwenani lamathini amancane e-aluminium emashalofini ezitolo kusukela kumakhemisi kuya eziteshini zikaphethiloli.
I-Boost Oxygen inemakethe ye-oxygen engaphezu kuka-90% emabhodleleni, kanti ukuthengisa kuyanda kancane kancane ngemuva kokuwina umbukiso weqiniso webhizinisi othi “Shark Tank” ngo-2019.
Nakuba amalebula ethi imikhiqizo ayivunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration futhi ingeyokuzijabulisa kuphela, ukukhangisa kuthembisa impilo engcono, ukusebenza kwezemidlalo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nosizo ngokujwayela ukuphakama, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Lolu chungechunge luhlola izitayela zezempilo zamanje ngokusebenzisa isayensi yochwepheshe be-CU Anschutz.
IColorado, enomphakathi wayo omkhulu wokuzijabulisa wangaphandle kanye nezindawo zokudlala eziphakeme, isibe yimakethe eqondiwe yamatangi omoya-mpilo aphathekayo. Kodwa ingabe bayilethile?
“Zimbalwa izifundo ezihlole izinzuzo zokwengezwa komoya-mpilo wesikhashana,” kusho uLindsay Forbes, MD, umfundi oPhikweni Lwezokwelapha Ngezifo Zamaphaphu Nokunakekelwa Okubucayi e-University of Colorado School of Medicine. “Asinawo idatha eyanele,” kusho uForbes, ozojoyina umnyango ngoJulayi.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya-mpilo onikezwa ngodokotela, olawulwa yi-FDA, uyadingeka ezindaweni zezokwelapha isikhathi eside. Kunesizathu sokuthi ulethwa ngale ndlela.
“Uma uphefumula umoya-mpilo, uhamba usuka endleleni yokuphefumula uye egazini bese umuncwa yi-hemoglobin,” kusho uBen Honigman, MD, uprofesa osethathe umhlalaphansi wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. I-hemoglobin bese isabalalisa lawa ma-molecule omoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba, inqubo ephumelelayo neqhubekayo.
Ngokusho kwe-Forbes, uma abantu benamaphaphu aphilile, imizimba yabo ingagcina amazinga ajwayelekile omoya-mpilo egazini labo ngempumelelo. "Akukho bufakazi obanele bokuthi ukwengeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe emazingeni ajwayelekile omoya-mpilo kusiza umzimba ngokwempilo."
Ngokusho kwe-Forbes, lapho abasebenzi bezempilo behlinzeka nge-oxygen ezigulini ezinezinga eliphansi le-oxygen, ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu yokulethwa kwe-oxygen okuqhubekayo ukuze kubonakale ushintsho emazingeni e-oxygen esiguli. “Ngakho-ke angilindele ukuthi ukufutha okukodwa noma okubili okuvela ebhodleleni kunikeze i-oxygen eyanele egazini eligeleza emaphashini ukuze kube nomphumela onenjongo ngempela.”
Abakhiqizi abaningi bama-oxygen bars nama-oxygen cylinders bafaka amafutha abalulekile anephunga elimnandi njenge-peppermint, i-orange noma i-eucalyptus ku-oxygen. Izazi ze-pulmonologists ngokuvamile zincoma ukuthi kungabikho muntu ophefumula la mafutha, zicaphuna ukuvuvukala okungenzeka kanye nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Kubantu abanezimo ezithile zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma noma isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, ukufaka amafutha kungabangela ukuqubuka noma izimpawu.
Nakuba amathangi e-oxygen ngokuvamile engeyingozi kubantu abaphilile (bheka uhlangothi oluseceleni), i-Forbes ne-Honigman batusa ukuthi kungabikho muntu owasebenzisa ukuzelapha nganoma yisiphi isizathu sezokwelapha. Bathi ukwanda kokuthengisa ngesikhathi sobhubhane kusikisela ukuthi abanye abantu bawasebenzisa ukwelapha i-COVID-19, uhlobo olungaba yingozi olungabambezela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okubucayi.
Okunye okubalulekile okucatshangelwayo, kusho uHonigman, ukuthi umoya-mpilo uyadlula ngokushesha. “Lapho nje uwususa, uyanyamalala. Akukho sikhala noma i-akhawunti yokonga umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.”
Ngokusho kukaHonigman, kolunye ucwaningo lapho amazinga e-oxygen kubantu abaphilile ayelinganiswa khona kusetshenziswa ama-pulse oximeter, amazinga e-oxygen yabantu azinzile ezingeni eliphakeme kancane ngemva kwemizuzu emithathu ngenkathi abantu beqhubeka nokuthola i-oxygen, futhi ngemva kokumiswa kokunikezwa kwe-oxygen, izinga le-oxygen libuyela emazingeni angaphambi kokufakwa cishe imizuzu emine.
Ngakho-ke abadlali bebhasikidi abangochwepheshe bangathola inzuzo ngokuqhubeka nokuphefumula umoya-mpilo phakathi kwemidlalo, kusho uHonigman. Lokhu kwandisa amazinga omoya-mpilo okwesikhashana emisipheni engenawo umoya-mpilo.
Kodwa abashushuluzi abavame ukupompa igesi emathangini, noma ngisho nokuya “emabha e-oxygen” (izindawo ezidumile emadolobheni asezintabeni noma emadolobheni angcoliswe kakhulu ahlinzeka nge-oxygen, ngokuvamile nge-cannula, imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengama-30 ngesikhathi), ngeke bathuthukise ukusebenza kwabo phakathi nebanga lonke. Ukusebenza ezindaweni zokushushuluza. , njengoba i-oxygen iphela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kokuqala.
UForbes uphinde wagcizelela ukubaluleka kohlelo lokulethwa kwezimpahla, ephawula ukuthi ithini lomoya-mpilo alinaso isifihla-buso sezokwelapha esimboza impumulo nomlomo. Ngakho-ke, isimangalo sokuthi ithini “liyi-oxygen emsulwa engu-95%” naso singamanga, kusho yena.
"Esibhedlela, sine-oxygen yezinga lezokwelapha futhi siyishintsha ibe amazinga ahlukene ukuze sinike abantu amanani ahlukene e-oxygen kuye ngokuthi bayithola kanjani. "Isibonelo, nge-cannula yamakhala, othile angase athole i-oxygen engu-95% engekho."
I-Forbes ithi umoya wegumbi, oqukethe i-oxygen engu-21%, uhlangana nomoya-mpilo onqunyiwe ngoba umoya wegumbi isiguli esiwuphefumulayo uphinde uvuza eduze kwe-cannula yamakhala, okunciphisa izinga lomoya-mpilo owutholayo.
Amalebula asemathangini omoya-mpilo asemathinini nawo athi ayasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene nokuphakama: kuwebhusayithi yayo, i-Boost Oxygen empeleni ibala iColorado namaRockies njengezindawo zokuthwala umoya-mpilo osemathinini.
Uma ukuphakama kuphakeme, umfutho womoya uyancipha, okusiza ukuthutha umoya-mpilo usuka emkhathini uye emaphashini, kusho uHonigman. “Umzimba wakho awumunci umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele njengoba wenza ezingeni lolwandle.”
Amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo angabangela isifo sokuphakama, ikakhulukazi ezivakashini zaseColorado. “Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-25 abantu abahamba besuka olwandle beya ezindaweni eziphakeme bathola isifo sokuphakama kwezintaba (i-AMS),” kusho uHonigmann. Ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wasebenza e-Center for High Altitude Research e-University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, lapho eqhubeka khona nokwenza ucwaningo.
Ibhodlela le-Boost Oxygen elingamalitha ama-5 libiza cishe amaRandi ayi-10 futhi linganikeza umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile ofinyelela ku-95% izikhathi eziyi-100 ngomzuzwana owodwa.
Nakuba izakhamuzi zaseDenver zimelana kakhulu nezifo, cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 nabo bathola i-AMS ngenkathi beya emadolobheni asezingeni eliphezulu okungcebeleka, kusho uHonigman. Izimpawu ezibangelwa umoya-mpilo ophansi egazini (ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ubunzima bokulala) zivame ukuvela zingakapheli amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 futhi zingase zenze abantu bafune usizo ebha ye-oxygen, kusho yena.
“Empeleni kuyasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zimpawu. Uzizwa ungcono uma uphefumula umoya-mpilo, futhi okwesikhashana ngemva kwalokho,” kusho uHonigman. “Ngakho-ke uma unezimpawu ezincane futhi uqala ukuzizwa ungcono, cishe kuzodala umuzwa wenhlalakahle.”
Kodwa kubantu abaningi, izimpawu ziyabuya, okwenza abanye babuyele kubha ye-oxygen ukuze bathole impumuzo eyengeziwe, kusho uHonigman. Njengoba abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% bejwayela izindawo eziphakeme zingakapheli amahora angu-24-48, lesi sinyathelo singase singabi namphumela. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-oxygen eyengeziwe izomane ilibazise lokhu kuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, esho.
“Umbono wami ukuthi kuwumphumela we-placebo, ongahlobene nhlobo ne-physiology,” kuvuma uHonigman.
“Ukuthola umoya-mpilo owengeziwe kuzwakala kumnandi futhi kungokwemvelo, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi isayensi iyakusekela,” kusho yena. “Kunobufakazi bangempela bokuthi uma ucabanga ukuthi okuthile kuzokusiza, empeleni kungakwenza uzizwe ungcono.”
Kuvunyelwe yiKhomishini Yezemfundo Ephakeme. Zonke izimpawu zokuhweba ziyimpahla ebhalisiwe yeNyuvesi. Zisetshenziswa ngemvume kuphela.