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I-nitrogen ewuketshezi, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi N₂, iwuketshezi olungenambala, olungenaphunga, futhi olungenabuthi olutholakala ngokuncibilikisa i-nitrogen ngenqubo yokupholisa ejulile. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kwezokwelapha, embonini, nasekuqandeni kokudla ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphansi kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi yenziwa kanjani? Lesi sihloko sizonikeza impendulo eningiliziwe yalo mbuzo ezicini ezimbalwa: ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen, indlela yokuhlukanisa umoya opholile ojulile, inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okungokoqobo.

Ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kudinga isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola i-nitrogen emsulwa. I-nitrogen iyisakhi esiyinhloko somkhathi woMhlaba, ibalwa ku-78% womthamo womoya. Ukukhipha i-nitrogen ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa komoya obandayo noma izindlela ze-pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Ukuhlukaniswa komoya obandayo kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yezimboni. Ngokucindezela nokupholisa umoya, ihlukanisa umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, nezinye izingxenye zegesi emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Indlela ye-press swing adsorption isebenzisa izici ezihlukile ze-adsorption zamagesi ahlukene, ithola i-nitrogen ehlanzekile ngomjikelezo wokukhanga nokuncibilika. Lezi zindlela ziqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi ye-nitrogen njengempahla eluhlaza yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ewuketshezi.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa umoya obandayo ojulile

Indlela yokuhlukanisa umoya obandayo ojulile ingenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Le ndlela isebenzisa amaphuzu ahlukene abilayo amagesi asemoyeni ukuze incibilikise futhi ihwamulise kancane kancane i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, nezinye izakhi zegesi. Iphuzu elibilayo le-nitrogen lingu-195.8℃, kanti elomoya-mpilo lingu -183℃. Ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane kancane, umoya-mpilo uyancibilika kuqala bese uhlukaniswa namanye amagesi, okushiya ingxenye esele iyinitrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu. Kamuva, le nayitrojeni iphinde ipholiswe ngaphansi kwephuzu layo lokubilisa ukuze iyincibilikise ibe yinayithrojeni ewuketshezi, okuwumgomo oyinhloko wokwakheka kwenitrogen ewuketshezi.

Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko: Okokuqala, umoya uyacindezelwa futhi uhlanzwe ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okunjengamanzi nesikhutha; ke, umoya upholiswa ngaphambili, ngokuvamile uye cishe ku--100 ℃ ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa; Ngokulandelayo, ukuhlukaniswa okujulile okubandayo kuyenziwa, kancane kancane kuphole igesi ekushiseni kwe-liquefaction ye-nitrogen ukuthola igesi ye-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Kule nqubo, izishintshisi zokushisa kanye nemibhoshongo ehlukanisayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwezingxenye ezahlukene kumazinga okushisa afanele. Okokugcina, igesi ye-nitrogen eyiketshezi igcinwa ezitsheni ezivalekile eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu futhi kuvinjwe ukulahlekelwa ukuhwamuka.

Izinselelo zobuchwepheshe ekwakhekeni kwe-nitrogen eyi-liquid

Ukwakhiwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kudinga ukunqoba izinselele eziningana zobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala ukugcinwa kwendawo enezinga lokushisa eliphansi, njengoba indawo yokubilisa ye-nitrogen enguketshezi iphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa kwe-liquefaction, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe--195.8 ℃, elidinga imishini yesiqandisi esebenza kahle kanye nezinto zokufakelwa. Okwesibili, phakathi nenqubo yokubanda okujulile, ukuminyanisa komoyampilo okweqile kufanele kugwenywe ngoba umoya-mpilo owuketshezi unezakhiwo eziqinile zokuhlanganisa i-oxidizing futhi ubeka izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokuklama, inqubo yokuhlukanisa i-nitrogen-oksijeni kufanele ilawulwe ngokunembile, futhi izinto ezifanele kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesistimu. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kudinga amaflaski e-Dewar aklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa nokulahlekelwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-nitrogen eyi-liquid

Izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-nitrogen ewuketshezi liyenza isebenze kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Kwezokwelapha, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid isetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni nasekugcinweni kwezicubu, njengokuqhwaza kwezilonda zesikhumba nokugcina amasampula ebhayoloji. Embonini yokudla, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid isetshenziselwa ukuqandisa ukudla okusheshayo, njengoba indawo yayo yokushisa ephansi kakhulu ingakwazi ukumisa ukudla ngokushesha, inciphise ukulimala kwesakhiwo seseli futhi ngaleyo ndlela igcine ukunambitheka kwangempela nokudla kokudla. Emkhakheni wocwaningo, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid isetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-superconductivity, ukuhlolwa kwe-physics yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, njll., ihlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlola enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ekukhiqizeni izimboni, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid isetshenziswa ekucubunguleni insimbi, ekwelapheni ukushisa, nanjengegesi engasebenzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabela okuthile kwamakhemikhali ukuthi kungenzeki. Isiphetho

Inqubo yokwakheka kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yomzimba, ezuzwa kakhulu ngezindlela ezijulile zokuhlukanisa umoya obandayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhipha uketshezi. Isakhiwo sezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-nitrogen ewuketshezi iyenza ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezimboni, imithi, kanye nocwaningo. Kusukela ekukhishweni kwegesi ye-nitrogen kuya ekuncibilikeni okujulile okubandayo futhi ekugcineni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo, isinyathelo ngasinye sibonisa amandla obuchwepheshe bokuqandisa okuthuthukisiwe nokuhlukanisa. Emisebenzini eyenziwayo, ochwepheshe nabo badinga ukuqhubeka nokwandisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi.

Singabakhiqizi nabathekelisi beyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngathi:

Oxhumana naye: Anna

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Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com