| Umkhiqizo | I-nitrogen |
| Ifomula ye-molecular: | N2 |
| Isisindo samangqamuzana: | 28.01 |
| Izithako eziyingozi: | I-nitrogen |
| Izingozi zempilo: | Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen emoyeni kuphezulu kakhulu, okunciphisa umfutho we-voltage womoya ohogelayo, okubangela i-hypoxia kanye nokuminyanisa. Lapho ukugcwala kokuhogela i-nitrogen kungaphakeme kakhulu, isiguli ekuqaleni sasizwa ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula kanzima, nokuba buthakathaka; kwase kuba nokucasuka, ukujabula okukhulu, ukugijima, ukumemeza, ukungajabuli, nokuhamba ngendlela engazinzile. Noma i-coma. Ukuhogela umoya ophakeme, iziguli zingasheshe zikoma futhi zife ngenxa yokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lapho i-diver ithatha indawo ngokujulile, umphumela we-anesthesia we-nitrogen ungenzeka; uma idluliswa isuka endaweni yokucindezela okukhulu iye endaweni evamile yokucindezela, ibhamuza le-nitrogen lizokwakha emzimbeni, licindezele izinzwa, imithambo yegazi, noma libangele ibheji ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi, futhi “isifo sokuwohloka” senzeka. |
| Ingozi evuthayo: | I-nitrogen ayishi. |
| Hofuza: | Ngokushesha phuma endaweni yesigameko uye emoyeni omusha. Gcina imigudu yokuphefumula ivuliwe. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo ephefumulayo kuma, ngokushesha yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwa kanye nenhliziyo yesifuba ukuhlinzwa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. |
| Izici eziyingozi: | Uma ihlangabezana nokushisa okuphezulu, ingcindezi yangaphakathi yesitsha iyakhula, futhi isengozini yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma. |
| Imikhiqizo evuthayo elimazayo: | Igesi Ye-nitrogen |
| Indlela yokucima umlilo: | Lo mkhiqizo awushi. Ivukuza isitsha emlilweni ukuya endaweni evulekile ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi amanzi afafaza isitsha somlilo ayaphola kuze kuphele umlilo. |
| Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo: | Khipha ngokushesha abasebenzi ekuvuzeni kwezindawo ezingcolisa umoya emoyeni ongaphezulu, futhi ubahlukanise, ubeke imingcele eqinile yokungena nokuphuma. Kutuswa ukuthi izisebenzi zokwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zigqoke izinto zokuphefumula ezikwazi ukuzimela kanye nezingubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Zama umthombo wokuvuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukungena komoya okunengqondo nokusheshisa ukusabalala. Isitsha esivuzayo kufanele siphathwe kahle, bese sisetshenziswa ngemva kokulungiswa nokuhlolwa. |
| Izinyathelo zokuphepha: | Ukusebenza okukhathazekayo. Imisebenzi ethintekayo inikeza izimo ezinhle zokungenisa umoya zemvelo. Umsebenzisi kufanele alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Vimbela ukuvuza kwegesi emoyeni emsebenzini. Phuza futhi wehlise kancane ngesikhathi sokuphatha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kumasilinda nezinye izinto. Ifakwe amathuluzi okwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo avuzayo. |
| Imithetho yesitoreji: | Gcina endaweni epholile, engenisa umoya. Hlala kude nomlilo nokushisa. I-Kuken akufanele idlule ku-30 ° C. Kufanele kube khona imishini yokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo evuzayo endaweni yokugcina. |
| I-TLVTN: | ACGIH Igesi yokuqunjelwa |
| ulawulo lobunjiniyela: | Ukusebenza okukhathazekayo. Nikeza izimo ezinhle zokungenisa umoya zemvelo. |
| Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula: | Ngokuvamile asikho isivikelo esikhethekile esidingekayo. Lapho ukugcwala komoyampilo emoyeni endaweni yokusebenza kungaphansi kuka-18%, kufanele sigqoke ama-air respirators, ama-oxygen respirators noma imaski yamashubhu amade. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo: | Ngokuvamile asikho isivikelo esikhethekile esidingekayo. |
| Ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba: | Gqoka izingubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwesandla: | Gqoka amagilavu okuvikela umsebenzi jikelele. |
| Okunye ukuvikela: | Gwema ukuhogela okugxilile kakhulu. Amathangi okungena, izikhala ezilinganiselwe noma ezinye izindawo zokugxila okuphezulu kufanele ziqashwe. |
| Izithako eziyinhloko: | Okuqukethwe: i-nitrogen ephezulu-ehlanzekile ≥99.999%; izinga lezimboni izinga lokuqala ≥99.5 %; izinga lesibili ≥98.5 %. |
| Ukubukeka | Igesi engenambala nengenaphunga. |
| Iphoyinti lokuncibilika (℃): | -209.8 |
| Indawo yokubilisa (℃): | -195.6 |
| Ukuminyana okuhlobene (amanzi = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Ukuminyana kwesitimu ngokuqhathaniswa (umoya = 1): | 0.97 |
| I-Saturated steam pressure (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Ukushiswa (kj/mol): | engenamsebenzi |
| Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile (℃): | -147 |
| Ingcindezi Ebucayi (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (℃): | engenamsebenzi |
| Izinga lokushisa elishisayo (℃): | engenamsebenzi |
| Umkhawulo ophezulu wokuqhuma: | engenamsebenzi |
| Umkhawulo ophansi wokuqhuma: | engenamsebenzi |
| Ukunyibilika: | Incibilika kancane emanzini ne-ethanol. |
| Injongo eyinhloko: | Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia, i-nitric acid, esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela impahla, i-ejenti eqandisiwe. |
| Ubuthi obuyingozi: | Ld50: Alukho ulwazi LC50: Alukho ulwazi |
| Eminye imiphumela eyingozi: | Alukho ulwazi |
| Indlela yokuqeda: | Sicela ubhekisele emithethweni efanele kazwelonke neyendawo ngaphambi kokuyilahla. I-exhaust gas ikhishwa ngokuqondile emkhathini. |
| Inombolo yempahla eyingozi: | 22005 |
| Inombolo ye-UN: | 1066 |
| Isigaba sokupakisha: | O53 |
| Indlela yokupakisha: | Isilinda segesi yensimbi; amabhokisi okhuni ajwayelekile ngaphandle kwebhodlela le-ampoule. |
| Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuhamba: | |
Ungayithola kanjani igesi ye-nitrogen ehlanzekile evela e-Air?
1. I-Cryogenic Air Separation Method
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-Cryogenic isidlule eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100 yentuthuko, futhi iye yabhekana nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezinqubo ezinjengamandla kagesi aphezulu, amandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi, ingcindezi ephakathi nendawo, kanye nenqubo kagesi ephansi egcwele. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje besilinganiso somoya kanye nemishini, inqubo ye-high-voltage, ingcindezi ephezulu nephansi, kanye ne-medium-voltage vacuum isusiwe ngokuyisisekelo. Inqubo ephansi yengcindezi ephansi esebenzisa amandla aphansi kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphephile isiphenduke inketho yokuqala kumadivayisi evacuum amakhulu naphakathi nendawo anezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Inqubo egcwele ye-low-voltage air division ihlukaniswe yaba izinqubo zokucindezelwa kwangaphandle kanye nezinqubo zokucindezelwa kwangaphakathi ngokwezixhumanisi ezihlukene zokucindezela kwemikhiqizo ye-oxygen ne-nitrogen. Inqubo egcwele yokucindezela kwangaphandle yokucindezela okuphansi ikhiqiza umoya-mpilo ophansi we-oxygen noma i-nitrogen, bese icindezela igesi yomkhiqizo kungcindezi edingekayo ukuze inikeze umsebenzisi nge-compressor yangaphandle. Ingcindezi egcwele enqubweni yokucindezela okuphansi I-oxygen ewuketshezi noma i-nitrogen eyi-liquid ekhiqizwe i-distillation ye-distillation yamukelwa amaphampu awuketshezi ebhokisini elibandayo ukuze ahwamuke ngemva kokucindezela okudingwa ngumsebenzisi, futhi umsebenzisi unikezwa ngemva kokushisa kabusha kudivayisi enkulu yokushintshanisa ukushisa. Izinqubo eziyinhloko ukuhlunga, ukucindezela, ukupholisa, ukuhlanzwa, i-supercharger, ukunwetshwa, ukucwiliswa kwe-distillation, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlangana kabusha kokushisa, kanye nokunikezwa kwangaphandle komoya womoya oluhlaza.
2. i-press swing adsorption method (indlela ye-PSA)
Le ndlela isekelwe emoyeni onomfutho njengoba impahla eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana kusetshenziswa njenge-adsorbent. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile, umehluko wokumuncwa komoya-mpilo kanye nama-molecule e-nitrogen emoyeni kuma-sieve ama-molecular ahlukene asetshenziswa. Ekuqoqweni kwegesi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-nitrogen kuyasetshenziswa; kanye ne-ejenti emunca isisefo yamangqamuzana ihlaziywe futhi igaywe kabusha ngemva kokususwa kwengcindezi.
Ngaphezu kwezisefo zamangqamuzana, ama-adsorbents angasebenzisa i-alumina ne-silicone.
Njengamanje, isisetshenziswa esivame ukusetshenziswa se-transformer adsorption nitrogen sisekelwe emoyeni ocindezelweyo, isisefo se-carbon molecular njenge-adsorbent, futhi sisebenzisa umehluko kumthamo we-adsorption, izinga le-adsorption, amandla e-adsorption oksijini ne-nitrogen ezisefweni zamangqamuzana e-carbon kanye nokucindezeleka Okuhlukile kunezici ezihlukile ze-adsorption nitrogen yokuhlukanisa umoya-mpilo kanye ne-nitrogen. Okokuqala, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni ubekwa kuqala ama-molecule e-carbon, acebisa i-nitrogen esigabeni segesi. Ukuze uthole i-nitrogen ngokuqhubekayo, i-adsorption tower emibili iyadingeka.
Isicelo
1. Amakhemikhali e-nitrogen azinzile futhi ngokuvamile awaphenduli kwezinye izinto. Le khwalithi ye-inertial ivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi ze-anaerobic, njengokusebenzisa i-nitrogen esikhundleni somoya esitsheni esithile, edlala indima ekuhlukaniseni, ekuvimbeleni amalangabi, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma, kanye ne-anticorrosion. Ubunjiniyela be-LPG, amapayipi egesi kanye namanethiwekhi e-bronchial aliquefied asetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni nokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi [11]. I-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlanganisweni kokudla okugayiwe kanye nemithi njengesembozo samagesi, izintambo zokuvala, izintambo zocingo, namathayi enjoloba anomfutho angakhula. Njengohlobo lwesivikelo, i-nitrogen ivamise ukushintshwa kufakwe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze kwehliswe ukugqwala okudalwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwekholomu yeshubhu noketshezi lwe-stratum.
2. Inayithrojeni ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziswa enqubweni yokuncibilika kwensimbi ukuze kucwengwe ukuncibilika kwensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuphosa okungenalutho. Igesi, ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation yethusi, igcina ubuso bezinto zethusi, futhi iqede inqubo yokukhetha. Igesi ye-nitrogen-based charcoal gas (ukwakheka kwayo: 64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 kanye nenani elincane le-CO2) njengegesi elivikelayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwethusi, ukuze kusetshenziswe indawo encibilikayo yethusi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Cishe u-10% we-nitrogen ekhiqizwa njengesiqandisi, ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ngokuvamile ethambile noma efana nenjoloba -efana nokuqina, irabha yokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukufinyela okubandayo nokufakwa, kanye nezibonelo zebhayoloji, njengokulondolozwa kwegazi Elipholile ekuthuthweni.
4. I-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-nitric oxide noma i-nitrogen dioxide ukuze kwakhiwe i-nitric acid. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza iphezulu futhi intengo iphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza i-ammonia yokwenziwa kanye ne-nitride yensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-09-2023