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| Umkhiqizo | I-nitrogen |
| Ifomula yama-molecule: | N2 |
| Isisindo sama-molecule: | 28.01 |
| Izithako eziyingozi: | I-nitrogen |
| Izingozi zempilo: | Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen emoyeni kuphakeme kakhulu, okunciphisa ingcindezi ye-voltage yomoya wokuphefumula, okubangela i-hypoxia kanye nokuminyana. Uma ukugcwala kokuphefumula kwe-nitrogen kungaphakeme kakhulu, isiguli ekuqaleni sasizizwa siqinile esifubeni, siphefumula kanzima, futhi sibuthakathaka; bese kuba nokucasuka, ukujabula okukhulu, ukugijima, ukumemeza, ukungajabuli, kanye nokuhamba okungazinzile. Noma i-coma. Phefumula ukugcwala okuphezulu, iziguli zingasheshe zikhome futhi zife ngenxa yokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lapho umgibeli ethatha indawo ejulile, umphumela we-anesthesia we-nitrogen ungenzeka; uma idluliselwa kusuka endaweni yokucindezela okuphezulu iye endaweni yokucindezela evamile, ibhamuza le-nitrogen lizokwakheka emzimbeni, licindezele imizwa, imithambo yegazi, noma libangele ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, futhi kuvele "isifo sokucindezeleka". |
| Ingozi Yokushisa: | I-nitrogen ayishisi. |
| Phefumula: | Phuma ngokushesha endaweni yesigameko uye emoyeni omusha. Gcina umgudu wokuphefumula uvulekile. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokuphefumula kuphela, yenza ngokushesha ukuphefumula okwenziwe kanye nokuhlinzwa kokucindezela inhliziyo esifubeni ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. |
| Izici eziyingozi: | Uma ihlangana nomkhuhlane omkhulu, ingcindezi yangaphakathi yesitsha iyanda, futhi isengozini yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma. |
| Imikhiqizo yokusha elimazayo: | Igesi ye-nitrogen |
| Indlela yokucisha umlilo: | Lo mkhiqizo awushi. Ususa isitsha emlilweni siye endaweni evulekile ngangokunokwenzeka, bese amanzi afafaza isitsha somlilo aphola kuze kube yilapho umlilo uphela. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo: | Susa abasebenzi ngokushesha ezindaweni ezivuzayo zokungcola baye emimoyeni ephezulu, bese ubahlukanisa, uvimbele ukungena nokuphuma ngokuqinile. Kunconywa ukuthi abasebenzi bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo bagqoke ama-respirator azimele kanye nezingubo zomsebenzi ezijwayelekile. Zama umthombo wokuvuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Umoya ohlanzekile futhi usheshise ukusabalala. Isitsha sokuvuza kufanele siphathwe kahle, bese sisetshenziswa ngemuva kokulungiswa nokuhlolwa. |
| Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza: | Ukusebenza okukhathazayo. Imisebenzi ekhathazayo inikeza izimo ezinhle zemvelo zokungenisa umoya. Umqhubi kumele alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Vimbela ukuvuza kwegesi emoyeni endaweni yokusebenza. Phuza bese ukhulula kancane ngesikhathi sokuphatha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwamasilinda nezesekeli. Uhlonyiswe ngemishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo. |
| Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokugcina: | Gcina endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile, enomoya. Hlala kude nomlilo nokushisa. Ukushisa akufanele kudlule ku-30 ° C. Kufanele kube nemishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo endaweni yokugcina. |
| I-TLVTN： | Igesi yokuphefumula ye-ACGIH |
| ukulawula ubunjiniyela: | Ukusebenza okukhathazayo. Nikeza izimo ezinhle zemvelo zokungenisa umoya. |
| Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula: | Ngokuvamile akukho sivikelo esikhethekile esidingekayo. Uma ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emoyeni endaweni yokuhlinzwa kungaphansi kuka-18%, kumelwe sigqoke ama-air respirators, ama-oxygen respirators noma ama-masks amade. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo: | Ngokuvamile akukho sivikelo esikhethekile esidingekayo. |
| Ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba: | Gqoka izingubo zomsebenzi ezijwayelekile. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwesandla: | Gqoka amagilavu okuvikela umsebenzi ojwayelekile. |
| Okunye ukuvikelwa: | Gwema ukuhogela okunezinga eliphezulu lomoya. Ukungena emathangini, izikhala ezilinganiselwe noma ezinye izindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lomoya kumele kuqashwe. |
| Izithako eziyinhloko: | Okuqukethwe: i-nitrogen emsulwa kakhulu ≥99.999%; izinga lokuqala lezimboni ≥99.5%; izinga lesibili ≥98.5%. |
| Ukubukeka | Igesi engenambala nengenaphunga. |
| Iphuzu lokuncibilika (℃): | -209.8 |
| Iphuzu lokubila (℃): | -195.6 |
| Ubuningi obuhlobene (amanzi = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Ubuningi bomusi ngokulinganisela (umoya = 1): | 0.97 |
| Umfutho womusi ogcwele (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Ukushisa (kj/mol): | akunamsebenzi |
| Izinga lokushisa elibucayi (℃): | -147 |
| Ingcindezi Ebucayi (i-MPA): | 3.40 |
| Iphuzu le-Flash (℃): | akunamsebenzi |
| Izinga lokushisa lokushisa (℃): | akunamsebenzi |
| Umkhawulo ophezulu wokuqhuma: | akunamsebenzi |
| Umkhawulo ophansi wokuqhuma: | akunamsebenzi |
| Ukuncibilika: | Incibilika kancane emanzini nase-ethanol. |
| Inhloso eyinhloko: | Kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa i-ammonia, i-nitric acid, kusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela impahla, i-ejenti eqandisiwe. |
| Ubuthi obukhulu: | Ld50: Akukho lwazi LC50: Akukho lwazi |
| Eminye imiphumela eyingozi: | Akukho lwazi |
| Indlela yokulahla ukususwa: | Sicela ubheke imithetho efanele kazwelonke neyendawo ngaphambi kokuyilahla. Igesi yokukhipha umoya ikhishwa ngqo emoyeni. |
| Inombolo yemithwalo eyingozi: | 22005 |
| Inombolo ye-UN: | 1066 |
| Isigaba sokupakisha: | O53 |
| Indlela yokupakisha: | Isilinda segesi sensimbi; amabhokisi avamile enziwe ngokhuni ngaphandle kwebhodlela le-ampoule. |
| Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Zokuhamba: | |
Ungayithola kanjani igesi ye-nitrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu evela emoyeni?
1. Indlela Yokuhlukanisa Umoya Oyi-Cryogenic
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-Cryogenic isidlule eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-100 yokuthuthukiswa, futhi ihlangabezane nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zenqubo ezifana ne-voltage ephezulu, i-voltage ephezulu nephansi, ingcindezi ephakathi nendawo, kanye nenqubo ye-voltage ephelele nephansi. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe besimanje be-air score kanye nemishini, inqubo ye-vacuum ephezulu, ingcindezi ephezulu nephansi, kanye ne-vacuum ephakathi nendawo isiqediwe ngokuyisisekelo. Inqubo ephansi yokucindezela okuphansi enokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphephile isibe ukukhetha kokuqala kwamadivayisi amakhulu naphakathi okushisa okuphansi. Inqubo ephelele yokuhlukanisa umoya we-voltage ephansi ihlukaniswe ngezinqubo zokucindezela zangaphandle kanye nezinqubo zokucindezela zangaphakathi ngokwezixhumanisi ezahlukene zokucindezela zemikhiqizo ye-oxygen ne-nitrogen. Inqubo ephelele yokucindezela kwangaphandle okuphansi ikhiqiza i-oxygen noma i-nitrogen ephansi, bese icindezela igesi yomkhiqizo ekucindezelweni okudingekayo ukuze inikeze umsebenzisi nge-compressor yangaphandle. Ukucindezela okugcwele enqubweni yokucindezela okuphansi I-oxygen ewuketshezi noma i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ekhiqizwa yi-distillation ehlutshiwe yamukelwa ngamaphampu oketshezi ebhokisini elibandayo ukuze ivuthe ngemva kwengcindezi edingwa ngumsebenzisi, futhi umsebenzisi unikezwa ngemva kokufudumala kabusha kudivayisi enkulu yokushintshanisa ukushisa. Izinqubo eziyinhloko ukuhlunga, ukucindezela, ukupholisa, ukuhlanza, i-supercharger, ukunwetshwa, ukuhluzwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanganiswa kokushisa, kanye nokunikezwa kwangaphandle komoya womoya ongahluziwe.
2. indlela yokumunca ingcindezi (indlela ye-PSA)
Le ndlela isekelwe emoyeni ocindezelwe njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwama-molecule kusetshenziswa njenge-adsorbent. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile, kusetshenziswa umehluko ekumuncweni kwama-molecule e-oxygen ne-nitrogen emoyeni kuma-seeves ahlukene ama-molecule. Ekuqoqweni kwegesi, kuhlukaniswa i-oxygen ne-nitrogen; futhi i-ejenti yokumunca ama-molecule yesivingo ihlaziywa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngemva kokususwa kwengcindezi.
Ngaphezu kwezisefo zama-molecule, ama-adsorbents angafaka ne-alumina ne-silicone.
Njengamanje, idivayisi yokwenza i-nitrogen yokumunca esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-transformer isekelwe emoyeni ocindezelwe, isihlungi se-carbon molecular njengesimunca, futhi isebenzisa umehluko kumthamo wokumunca, izinga lokumunca, amandla okumunca i-oxygen ne-nitrogen kuma-sieve e-carbon molecular kanye nokucindezeleka okuhlukile kunezici ezahlukene zamandla okumunca ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-nitrogen. Okokuqala, i-oxygen emoyeni ibekwa phambili ngama-molecule e-carbon, acebisa i-nitrogen esigabeni segesi. Ukuze kutholakale i-nitrogen ngokuqhubekayo, kudingeka imibhoshongo emibili yokumunca.
Isicelo
1. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-nitrogen zizinzile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile aziphenduli kwezinye izinto. Le khwalithi ye-inertial ivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi ze-anaerobic, njengokusebenzisa i-nitrogen ukufaka esikhundleni somoya esitsheni esithile, esidlala indima ekuhlukaniseni, ekuvimbeleni ilangabi, ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma, nasekuvimbeleni ukugqwala. Ubunjiniyela be-LPG, amapayipi egesi kanye namanethiwekhi e-bronchial ancibilikisiwe asetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni nasekusetshenzisweni kwabantu [11]. I-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa futhi ekupakisheni ukudla okucutshunguliwe kanye nemithi njengokumboza amagesi, izintambo zokuvala, izintambo zocingo, kanye namathayi enjoloba acindezelwe angakhula. Njengohlobo lwesilondolozi, i-nitrogen ivame ukushintshwa ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze inciphise ukugqwala okubangelwa ukuthintana phakathi kwekholomu yepayipi kanye noketshezi lwe-stratum.
2. I-nitrogen emsulwa kakhulu isetshenziswa enqubweni yokuncibilikisa insimbi ukuze kuhlungwe ukuncibilika kwensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuncibilikisa ingenalutho. Igesi, ivimbela ngempumelelo ukushiswa kwethusi ekushiseni okuphezulu, igcina ubuso bezinto zethusi, futhi iqede inqubo yokuthosa. Igesi yesithando samalahle esekelwe ku-nitrogen (ukwakheka kwayo kungu-64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 kanye nenani elincane le-CO2) njengegesi evikelayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwethusi, ukuze ubuso bokuncibilika kwethusi busetshenziswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Cishe u-10% we-nitrogen ekhiqizwa njengesiqandisi, ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ngokuvamile ukuqina okufana nerabha okuthambile noma okufana nayo, irabha yokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukufinyela nokubanda nokufakwa, kanye nezibonelo zezinto eziphilayo, njengokulondolozwa kwegazi okupholile ekuthuthweni.
4. I-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa i-nitric oxide noma i-nitrogen dioxide ukudala i-nitric acid. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza iphezulu futhi intengo iphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa futhi kwi-ammonia yokwenziwa kanye ne-nitride yensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-09-2023
