Abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yezandla basebenzisa i-CO2 ngenani elimangalisayo lezinhlelo zokusebenza ekukhiqizeni, ukupakisha kanye nenqubo yokuphakela: ukuhambisa ubhiya noma umkhiqizo usuka ethangini uye ethangini, ukwenza i-carbonizing umkhiqizo, ukuhlanza umoya-mpilo ngaphambi kokupakisha, ukupakisha ubhiya ngesikhathi senqubo, amathangi e-brit ngaphambi kokuwasha ngemuva kokuhlanza. kanye nokuhlanza, ukufaka amabhodlela ubhiya ongasalungiswa endaweni yokudlela noma indawo yokucima ukoma.Lokhu okokuqala nje.
"Sisebenzisa i-CO2 kulo lonke i-brewery ne-bar," kusho uMax McKenna, umphathi omkhulu wezokuthengisa e-Boston-based Dorchester Brewing Co. Ukukhonza ubhiya - kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo.”
Njengamafektri amaningi e-craft, i-Dorchester Brewing ibhekene nokushoda kwekhwalithi yezohwebo ye-CO2 okudingeka isebenze (funda ngazo zonke izizathu zalokhu kushoda lapha).
"Ngenxa yezinkontileka zethu, abahlinzeki bethu bamanje be-CO2 abazange banyuse amanani abo naphezu kokwenyuka kwentengo kwezinye izingxenye zemakethe," kusho uMcKenna."Kuze kube manje, umthelela ube ikakhulukazi ekusabalaliseni okulinganiselwe."
Ukunxephezela ukuntuleka kwe-CO2, i-Dorchester Brewing isebenzisa i-nitrogen esikhundleni se-CO2 kwezinye izimo.
"Sikwazile ukuhambisa imisebenzi eminingi ku-nitrogen," kuqhubeka uMcKenna.“Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza amathini nokuvala igesi ngesikhathi sokuwafaka nokuvala.Lokhu kuyisengezo esikhulu kakhulu kithi ngoba lezi zinqubo zidinga i-CO2 eningi.Isikhathi eside sasinesitshalo esikhethekile se-nitro.Sisebenzisa ijeneretha ye-nitrogen ekhethekile ukukhiqiza yonke i-nitrogen yebha - ulayini we-nitro ozinikele kanye nenhlanganisela yethu kabhiya."
I-N2 iyigesi ye-inert eyonga kakhulu engakhiqizwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwendawo yokuphisa utshwala, izitolo zamabhodlela kanye nezinkantini.I-N2 ishibhile kune-CO2 yeziphuzo futhi ivamise ukutholakala kakhudlwana, kuye ngokutholakala endaweni yangakini.
I-N2 ingathengwa njengegesi kumasilinda omfutho ophezulu noma njengoketshezi kwaDewars noma amathangi amakhulu okugcina.I-nitrogen nayo ingakhiqizwa endaweni kusetshenziswa ijeneretha ye-nitrogen.Amajeneretha e-nitrogen asebenza ngokukhipha ama-molecule e-oksijini emoyeni.
I-nitrogen iyisici esigcwele kakhulu (78%) emkhathini womhlaba, enye i-oxygen kanye namagesi okulandela umkhondo.Kuyenza futhi ivumelane nemvelo njengoba ukhipha i-CO2 encane.
Ekuphiweni nasekupakisheni, i-N2 ingasetshenziswa ukugcina umoya-mpilo ungangeni kubhiya.Uma isetshenziswe kahle (abantu abaningi baxuba i-CO2 ne-N2 lapho besebenza nobhiya we-carbonated) i-N2 ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amathangi, ukudlulisa ubhiya kusuka ethangini kuya ethangini, ukucindezela amakegi ngaphambi kokugcinwa, kuyilapho i-aerating ngaphansi kwamakepisi.isithako sokunambitha nokuzwakala komlomo.Kumabha, i-nitro isetshenziswa emigqeni yamanzi kampompi ye-nitropiv kanye nomfutho ophezulu/ukusetshenziswa kwebanga elide lapho i-nitrogen ixutshwa nephesenti elithile le-CO2 ukuvimbela ubhiya ukuthi ungakhihlizi empompini.I-N2 ingasetshenziswa ngisho njengendawo yokubilisa igesi yokukhipha umoya uma lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yakho.
Manje, njengoba sishilo esihlokweni sethu esidlule mayelana nokuntuleka kwe-CO2, i-nitrogen ayiyona indawo eqondile ye-CO2 kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphisa.La magesi aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile.Anesisindo samangqamuzana ahlukene kanye nokuminyana okuhlukene.
Isibonelo, i-CO2 incibilika kakhulu oketshezini kune-N2.Yingakho i-nitrogen inikeza amabhamuza amancane kanye nokuzwakala komlomo okuhlukile kubhiya.Kungakho abaphisi botshwala basebenzisa amaconsi enitrogen ayiketshezi esikhundleni se-nitrogen enegesi ukuze benze ubhiya we-nitrate.I-Carbon dioxide nayo yengeza inhlansi yokubaba noma ubumuncu i-nitrogen engenawo, engashintsha iphrofayili yokunambitheka, abantu bathi.Ukushintshela ku-nitrogen ngeke kuzixazulule zonke izinkinga ze-carbon dioxide.
“Kungenzeka,” kusho uChuck Skepek, umqondisi wezinhlelo zokuphisa utshwala e-Brewers Institute, “kodwa i-nitrogen ayilona ikhambi noma ikhambi elisheshayo.I-CO2 ne-nitrogen ziziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu.Uzothola i-nitrogen eningi exutshwe nomoya osethangini kunalapho uhlanza i-CO2.Ngakho-ke kuzodinga i-nitrogen eningi.Ngizwa lokhu ngokuphindaphindiwe.
“Omunye umdidiyeli engimaziyo wayehlakaniphe ngempela futhi waqala ukushintsha isikhutha wafaka i-nitrogen, futhi ubhiya wabo wawunomoya-mpilo omningi kuwo, ngakho manje basebenzisa ingxube ye-nitrogen nesikhutha, ngenhlanhla eyengeziwe.hhayi nje, “Heyi, sizoqala ukusebenzisa initrogen ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zethu.Kuhle ukubona okuningi mayelana nalokhu ezincwadini, sesiqala ukubona abantu abaningi abenza ucwaningo oluthile, futhi, niyazi, ukuqhamuka nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zalokhu kushintsha.
Ukulethwa kwala magesi kuzohluka njengoba kunokuminyana okuhlukile okungase kubangele izinguquko ezithile zobunjiniyela noma isitoreji.Izwa u-Jason Perkins, umdidiyeli wotshwala oyingcweti e-Allagash Brewing Co., exoxa ngokuthuthukisa ulayini wakhe wamabhodlela kanye negesi eningi ukuze asebenzise i-CO2 yokugcwalisa isitsha ngomfutho kanye ne-N2 ye-sealant ne-bubble breaker.Isitoreji singahluka.
“Kunomehluko othile, ngenxa yendlela esiyithola ngayo i-nitrogen,” kusho uMcKenna.“Sithola i-nitrogen ewuketshezi emsulwa kumadewar, ngakho ukuyigcina kuhluke kakhulu emathangeni ethu e-CO2: mancane, kuma-roller futhi agcinwe efrijini.Sesiyibeke kwelinye izinga.i-carbon dioxide iye ku-nitrogen, kodwa futhi, siqaphela kakhulu ukuthi singenza kanjani uguquko ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi ngokuzibophezela ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi ubhiya usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.key, kwezinye izimo bekuyipulaki elula kakhulu nokushintshwa kokudlala, kanti kwezinye bekudinga ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ezintweni zokwakha, ingqalasizinda, ukukhiqiza, njll. ”
Ngokwalesi sihloko esihle kakhulu esivela ku-The Titus Co. (umnikezeli wama-air compressor, okomisa umoya, nezinsizakalo ze-compressor air ngaphandle kwasePennsylvania), amajeneretha e-nitrogen asebenza ngendlela eyodwa kwezimbili:
I-pressure swing adsorption: I-Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) isebenza kusetshenziswa izisefo ze-carbon molecular sieve ukuhlukanisa ama-molecule.Isisefo sinezimbotshana ezinobukhulu obulinganayo nama-molecule omoya-mpilo, abamba lawo ma-molecule njengoba edlula futhi avumele ama-molecule e-nitrogen amakhulu ukuba adlule.Ijeneretha ibe isikhipha umoya-mpilo kwelinye igumbi.Umphumela wale nqubo ukuthi ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen kungafinyelela ku-99.999%.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kwe-membrane.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-membrane kusebenza ngokuhlukanisa ama-molecule kusetshenziswa imicu ye-polymer.Le micu ingenalutho, izimbotshana ezingaphezulu zincane ngokwanele ukuvumela umoya-mpilo ukuba udlule, kodwa mancane kakhulu ukuba ama-molecule e-nitrogen akhiphe umoya-mpilo emfudlaneni wegesi.Amajeneretha asebenzisa le ndlela angakhiqiza i-nitrogen efinyelela ku-99.5% ehlanzekile.
Nokho, ijeneretha ye-nitrogen ye-PSA ikhiqiza i-nitrogen ehlanzekile ngenani elikhulu futhi ngamazinga aphezulu okugeleza, uhlobo olumsulwa lwe-nitrogen oludingwa yizinkampani eziningi zokuphisa utshwala.I-Ultrapure isho ukuthi 99.9995% kuya ku-99%.Amajeneretha e-nitrogen e-membrane alungele izindawo zokuphisa utshwala ezincane ezidinga umthamo ophansi, okunye ukugeleza okuphansi lapho ubumsulwa obungama-99% ukuya ku-99.9% bumukeleka.
Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva nje, ijeneretha ye-nitrogen ye-Atlas Copco iyicompressor yomoya yezimboni ehlangene ene-diaphragm ekhethekile ehlukanisa i-nitrogen emoyeni ocindezelweyo.Abaphisi botshwala bezandla bayizithameli ezinkulu eziqondiswe ku-Atlas Copo.Ngokwephepha elimhlophe le-Atlas Copco, abaphisi botshwala ngokuvamile bakhokha phakathi kuka-$0.10 no-$0.15 icubic foot ngayinye ukuze bakhiqize i-nitrogen esizeni.Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kanjani nezindleko zakho ze-CO2?
"Sinikeza amaphakheji ayisithupha ajwayelekile ahlanganisa i-80% yazo zonke izitolo zokuphuza utshwala - kusukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zemiphongolo ngonyaka," kusho uPeter Askini, umphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi wamagesi ezimboni e-Atlas Copco.“Inkampani ekhiqiza utshwala ingakhuphula amandla ezinto ezikhiqiza initrogen ukuze ikhule ngesikhathi igcina ukusebenza kahle.Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini ye-modular ivumela ukuthi kwengezwe ijeneretha yesibili uma umsebenzi wenkampani yokuphisa utshwala ukhula kakhulu.”
“Ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen akuhloselwe ukuvala ngokuphelele i-CO2,” kuchaza u-Asquini, “kodwa sicabanga ukuthi abenzi bewayini banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo cishe ngo-70%.Amandla amakhulu okushayela ukusimama.Kulula kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umenzi wewayini ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen ngokwawo.Ungawasebenzisi amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa.”okuyinto engcono emvelweni Izokhokha kusukela ngenyanga yokuqala, okuzothinta ngokuqondile umugqa ophansi, uma ingabonakali ngaphambi kokuthenga, ungayithengi.Nansi imithetho yethu elula.Isidingo se-CO2 liyakhuphuka ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enjalo, njengeqhwa elomile, elisebenzisa inani elikhulu le-CO2 futhi elidingekayo ukuthutha imigomo.Izinkampani zotshwala e-US zizwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngezinga lokuphakelwa utshwala futhi ziyazibuza ukuthi zingagcina yini izinga lentengo lihambisana nezidingo zenkampani yotshwala.”
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen kuzoba yinto ekhathaza kakhulu abakhiqizi bezandla.Njenge-CO2, i-nitrogen izosebenzisana nobhiya noma i-wort futhi iphathe ukungcola kanye nayo.Kungakho amajeneretha amaningi e-nitrogen okudla neziphuzo azokhangiswa njengamayunithi angenawo uwoyela (funda ngezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka zama-compressor angenawo uwoyela emshweni wokugcina kubha eseceleni ngezansi).
"Lapho sithola i-CO2, sihlola izinga layo kanye nokungcola, okungenye ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza nomphakeli omuhle," kusho uMcKenna.“I-nitrogen ihluke kancane, yingakho sisathenga i-pure liquid nitrogen.Enye into esiyibhekile ukuthola nokubeka amanani ejeneretha ye-nitrogen yangaphakathi - futhi, ngokugxila ku-nitrogen eyikhiqizayo ngePurity ukuze kukhawulwe ukutholwa komoyampilo.Lokhu sikubona njengokutshalwa kwezimali okungaba khona, ngakho okuwukuphela kwezinqubo endaweni yokuphuza utshwala ezincike ngokuphelele ku-CO2 kuzoba yi-beer carbonation kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kampompi.
"Kodwa into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule - futhi, into ebonakala ikhetha ukunganakwa kodwa ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi kabhiya - ukuthi noma iyiphi ijeneretha ye-nitrogen idinga ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen endaweni yesibili yedesimali [okungukuthi 99.99% ubumsulwa] ukukhawulela umoya-mpilo. ukuthatha kanye nengozi ye-oxidation.Leli zinga lokunemba nokuhlanzeka lidinga izindleko ezengeziwe zokuphehla i-nitrogen, kodwa liqinisekisa izinga le-nitrogen futhi ngenxa yalokho izinga likabhiya.”
Abadayisi badinga idatha eningi kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi lapho besebenzisa i-nitrogen.Isibonelo, uma umenzi wotshwala esebenzisa i-N2 ukuhambisa ubhiya phakathi kwamathangi, ukuzinza kwe-CO2 ethangini nasethangini noma ebhodleleni kufanele kuqashelwe kuyo yonke inqubo.Kwezinye izimo, i-N2 ehlanzekile ingase ingasebenzi kahle (isibonelo, lapho ugcwalisa iziqukathi) ngoba i-N2 ehlanzekile izosusa i-CO2 esixazululweni.Ngenxa yalokho, abanye abadayisi bazosebenzisa ingxube engu-50/50 ye-CO2 ne-N2 ukuze bagcwalise isitsha, kanti abanye bazoyigwema ngokuphelele.
Ithiphu ye-N2 Pro: Masikhulume ngokulungiswa.Amajeneretha e-nitrogen asondele ngempela “ekusetheni futhi ukhohlwe” njengoba ungathola, kodwa ezinye izinto ezisebenzisekayo, njengezihlungi, zidinga ukushintshwa okungajwayelekile.Ngokuvamile, le sevisi idingeka cishe njalo ngamahora angu-4000.Ithimba elifanayo elinakekela i-compressor yakho yomoya lizophinde linakekele i-generator yakho.Amajeneretha amaningi eza nesilawuli esilula esifana ne-iPhone yakho futhi anikezela ngamakhono okuqapha okukude wohlelo lokusebenza.
I-tank purge ihlukile ekuhlanzweni kwe-nitrogen ngezizathu eziningi.I-N2 ihlangana kahle nomoya, ngakho-ke ayihlangani ne-O2 njengoba kwenza i-CO2.I-N2 nayo ilula kunomoya, ngakho igcwalisa ithangi ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, kuyilapho i-CO2 iligcwalisa ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu.Kuthatha i-N2 engaphezulu kune-CO2 ukuhlanza ithangi lokugcina futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuqhuma okuningi.Usayonga imali?
Izinkinga zokuphepha ezintsha nazo ziyavela ngegesi entsha yezimboni.Indawo ekhiqiza utshwala kufanele nakanjani ifake izinzwa ze-O2 ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini - njengoba nje une-N2 dewar egcinwe eziqandisini kulezi zinsuku.
Kodwa inzuzo ingadlula kalula izitshalo zokubuyisela i-CO2.Kule webinar, u-Dion Quinn we-Foth Production Solutions (inkampani yobunjiniyela) uthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-N2 kubiza phakathi kwe-$ 8 ne-$ 20 ngethani ngalinye, kuyilapho ukuthwebula i-CO2 ngesitshalo sokubuyisela kubiza phakathi kwe-$ 50 ne-$ 200 ngethani.
Izinzuzo zamajeneretha e-nitrogen zihlanganisa ukuqeda noma okungenani ukunciphisa ukuncika ezinkontilekeni nasezimpahleni ze-CO2 ne-nitrogen.Lokhu konga indawo yokubeka njengoba izitolo ezidayisa utshwala zingakhiqiza futhi zigcine okuningi njengoba zidinga, kuqede isidingo sokugcina nokuthutha amabhodlela e-nitrogen.Njenge-CO2, ukuthunyelwa nokuphathwa kwe-nitrogen kukhokhwa yikhasimende.Ngama-nitrogenerator, lokhu akuseyona inkinga.
Amajeneretha e-nitrogen ngokuvamile kulula ukuwahlanganisa endaweni yokuphuza utshwala.Amajeneretha e-nitrogen amancane angafakwa odongeni ukuze angathathi indawo yaphansi futhi asebenze ngokuthula.Lezi zikhwama zibamba kahle ukushisa kwe-ambient ezishintshayo futhi zimelana kakhulu nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa.Ingafakwa ngaphandle, kodwa ayinconywa ezimweni zezulu eziphakeme kakhulu neziphansi.
Baningi abakhiqizi bamajeneretha e-nitrogen okuhlanganisa i-Atlas Copco, i-Parker Hannifin, i-South-Tek Systems, i-Milcarb ne-Holtec Gas Systems.Ijeneretha encane ye-nitrogen ingabiza cishe u-$800 ngenyanga ngaphansi kohlelo lokuqashisa ngeminyaka emihlanu, kusho u-Asquini.
"Ekupheleni kosuku, uma i-nitrogen ikulungele, unezinhlobonhlobo zabahlinzeki nobuchwepheshe ongakhetha kuzo," kusho u-Asquini.“Thola ukuthi iyiphi ekufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyiqonda kahle ingqikithi yezindleko zobunikazi [izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi] futhi uqhathanise izindleko zamandla nezokulungisa phakathi kwamadivayisi.Ngokuvamile uzothola ukuthi ukuthenga okushibhile akulungile emsebenzini wakho .”
Amasistimu okukhiqiza i-nitrogen asebenzisa i-compressor yomoya, futhi izindawo eziningi zokuphisa utshwala sezivele zineyodwa, ewusizo.
Imaphi ama-air compressor asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuphisa utshwala?Iphusha uketshezi ngamapayipi namathangi.Amandla okudlulisa umoya nokulawula.I-aeration ye-wort, imvubelo noma amanzi.i-valve yokulawula.Hlanza igesi ukuze ukhiphe udaka emathangeni ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nokusiza ekuhlanzeni imigodi.
Izicelo eziningi zokuphisa utshwala zidinga ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwama-compressor emoyeni angenawo uwoyela ayi-100%.Uma amafutha ehlangana nobhiya, abulala imvubelo futhi anciphise igwebu, lonakalise isiphuzo futhi lenze ubhiya ube mubi.
Kuphinde kube yingozi yokuphepha.Ngenxa yokuthi imboni yokudla neziphuzo izwela kakhulu, kunezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi nokuhlanzeka endaweni, futhi kufanele.Isibonelo: I-Sullair SRL yochungechunge lwama-compressor emoyeni angenawo uwoyela ukusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-15 hp.(kusuka ku-7.5 kuya ku-11 kW) zilungele kahle izindawo zokuphisa utshwala.Abakhiqizi botshwala bajabulela ukuthula kwalolu hlobo lwemishini.Uchungechunge lwe-SRL lunikeza amazinga omsindo aphansi ehle aze afike ku-48dBA, okwenza i-compressor ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa endlini ngaphandle kwegumbi elihlukile elingazwakali.
Lapho umoya ohlanzekile ubalulekile, njengasezindaweni ezikhiqiza utshwala nasezindaweni zokuphisa utshwala, umoya ongenawo uwoyela ubalulekile.Izinhlayiya zikawoyela emoyeni ocindezelwe zingangcolisa izinqubo nokukhiqizwa komfula.Njengoba izindawo eziningi zokuphisa utshwala zikhiqiza izinkulungwane zemiphongolo noma amakesi ambalwa kabhiya ngonyaka, akekho ongakwazi ukuzifaka engozini.Ama-compressor angenawo uwoyela afaneleka ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho umoya uthintana ngqo ne-feedstock.Ngisho nasezinsizeni lapho kungekho khona ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwezithako nomoya, njengasemigqeni yokupakisha, i-compressor engenawo uwoyela isiza ukugcina umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlanzekile ukuze kube nokuthula kwengqondo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-06-2023