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I-Argon (uphawu u-Ar, inombolo ye-athomu engu-18) iyigesi ehloniphekile ehlukaniswa nezici zayo ezingenasici, ezingenambala, ezingenaphunga, nezingenakunambitheka—izici eziyenza iphephe ezindaweni ezivaliwe noma ezivaliwe. Ihlanganisa cishe u-0.93% womkhathi woMhlaba, incipha kakhulu kunamanye amagesi ahloniphekile njenge-neon (0.0018%) noma i-krypton (0.00011%), okuwunikeza inzuzo yemvelo ukuze isetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu. Ukuzinza kwayo kwamakhemikhali kubangelwa igobolondo le-electron yangaphandle eligcwele (ama-electron ayisishiyagalombili e-valence), okusho ukuthi cishe ayilokothi yakhe inhlanganisela nezinye izakhi—ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile nokucindezela (STP), i-argon ikhona njengegesi ye-monatomic (eyakhiwe ama-athomu awodwa, ngokungafani ne-diatomic oxygen noma i-nitrogen), enephuzu elibilayo elingu-185.8°C kanye nephuzu lokuqandisa elingu -189.3°C. Lawa mazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu asho ukuthi adinga isitoreji se-cryogenic, kodwa futhi ayenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nezisetshenziswa ezizwelayo ezipholile, njengoba ingasabeli ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngisho noma ibande ifinyelele kuziro cishe ngokuphelele.​

I-Argon ivame ukuhlukaniswa nomoya ngokusebenzisa i-fractional distillation, inqubo enembile, enezinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, umoya osemkhathini uyahlungwa ukuze kukhishwe uthuli, umhwamuko wamanzi nesikhutha—ukungcola okungase kuphazamise ukupholisa noma ukungcolisa umkhiqizo wokugcina. Okulandelayo, umoya ohlanzekile uyacindezelwa futhi upholiswe endaweni yokushisa, ekugcineni ufinyelele -200 ° C, owuguqula ube uketshezi. Lo moya owuketshezi ube usuphonswa embhoshongweni omude wokukhipha amanzi, lapho ushiselwa khona kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi amagesi ahlukene asemoyeni anezindawo zokubilisa eziyingqayizivele—amathumba e-nitrogen ku-195.8°C (ngaphansi kune-argon), umoya-mpilo ongu-183°C (uphakeme kune-argon)—ahwamuka emazingeni ahlukene ombhoshongo. Igesi ye-nitrogen ikhuphukela phezulu futhi iqoqwa kuqala, kuyilapho umoya-mpilo uhlala uketshezi ngaphansi. I-Argon, nephuzu layo lokubila eliphakathi nendawo, ijiya phakathi nombhoshongo, lapho inqanyulwa khona. I-argon eqoqiwe ibe isithunyelwa ngesinyathelo sesibili sokuhlanza ukuze kususwe noma iyiphi i-nitrogen esele noma umoya-mpilo, okuholela ku-argon yezinga lezimboni (i-99.99% ehlanzekile) noma i-ultra-pure argon (i-99.999% ehlanzekile) yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

Ukungangeni kwe-Argon kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi. Kwezokusansimbi, iyigesi evikelayo ebalulekile ezinqubo zokushisela njenge-MIG (Metal Inert Gas) kanye ne-TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) yokushisela. Uma isetshenziselwa ukushisela izinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-titanium, idala umgoqo ovikelayo endaweni yokushisela, evimbela i-oxidation engenza ilunga libe buthakathaka noma ibangele ukonakala—okubalulekile ekwenzeni amafreyimu ezimoto, izingxenye zendiza, nezinto zokwakha. Imboni ye-elekthronikhi incike ku-argon ye-ultra-pure ukwenza ama-semiconductors: ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwezingqimba zensimbi ezacile noma ze-silicon kuma-microchips, i-argon igcwalisa igumbi lokukhiqiza, iqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinhlayiya zomoya ezingcolisa amasekhethi athambile. Ngale kwemboni enzima, i-argon inweba isikhathi sokuphila sezibani ezikhanyayo ngokunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwemicu ye-tungsten (impilo ye-tungsten ephindwe kabili uma iqhathaniswa namalambu agcwaliswe umoya) futhi ilondoloza izinto zobuciko zomlando—njengemibhalo yesandla yasendulo noma izindwangu ezintekenteke—ezimweni zokubonisa emnyuziyamu, lapho ithatha indawo komoyampilo ukuze imise ukubola. Iphinde ibe nendima ekufakweni kokudla, lapho ixutshwa khona ne-nitrogen ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo, ukugcina izinto ezibhakwayo, ukudla okulula kanye nemikhiqizo emisha kusha isikhathi eside.

Ngokomnotho, i-argon iyinsiza enenani eliphezulu ngenxa yesidingo sayo esisabalele kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza. Njengoba impahla yayo eluhlaza ingumoya—insiza engapheli, yamahhala—i-fractional distillation ibiza izindleko, ikakhulukazi uma ibhangqwe nokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen noma umoya-mpilo (izitshalo eziningi zikhiqiza wonke amagesi amathathu kanyekanye, zinciphisa phezulu). Imakethe ye-argon yomhlaba wonke inenani elingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyisi-8 zamarandi ngonyaka, ngokukhula okuqinile kwe-5-7% ngonyaka. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa izimboni ezifana nezezimoto (njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi kwanda, kudinga ukushiselwa okunembayo), izinto zikagesi (ukunweba ukukhiqizwa kwe-5G kanye ne-semiconductor), namandla avuselelekayo (ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga kusebenzisa i-argon ukumboza amaseli e-photovoltaic). Ngokungafani namagesi aphakeme angavamile (i-krypton ibiza izikhathi ezingu-10-20 ngaphezulu, i-xenon izikhathi ezingu-50-100 ngaphezulu), ukufinyeleleka kwe-argon kuyenza ifinyeleleke kuzo zombili izimboni ezinkulu namalabhorethri amancane. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba wonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kushesha, isidingo se-argon kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke ngokuqhubekayo, siqinise indima yayo njengomthombo oyinhloko wokukhula kwezimboni kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela usithinte ngokukhululekile:

Othintana naye:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

Mob/What's App/We Chat:+86-13282810265

WhatsApp:+86 157 8166 4197

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