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Izinga Lobuqotho Bemishini

Izinkomba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi, kodwa umnikelo wazo ekuphathweni ulinganiselwe. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinga eliphelele kubhekisela esilinganisweni semishini engaphelele nenani eliphelele lemishini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (izinga eliphelele lemishini=inani lemishini engaphelele/inani eliphelele lemishini). Izinkomba zamafektri amaningi zingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-95%. Isizathu silula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uma imishini isebenza futhi kungekho ukwehluleka, kubhekwa njengokuhle, ngakho-ke lesi sibonakaliso kulula ukusifinyelela. Kungasho kalula ukuthi akukho ndawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa, okusho ukuthi akukho lutho olungathuthukiswa, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukuluthuthukisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinkampani eziningi ziphakamisa ukushintsha incazelo yalesi sibonakaliso, isibonelo, ziphakamisa ukuhlola kathathu ngomhlaka-8, 18, kanye nomhlaka-28 wenyanga ngayinye, futhi zithathe isilinganiso sezinga eliphelele njengezinga eliphelele lale nyanga. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kunokuhlola kanye, kodwa kuseyizinga elihle elibonakala kumachashazi. Kamuva, kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi amahora ethebula eliphelele aqhathaniswe namahora ethebula lekhalenda, kanti amahora ethebula eliphelele alingana namahora ethebula lekhalenda ngaphandle kwamahora ethebula eliphelele lamaphutha nokulungiswa. Lesi sibonakaliso sinengqondo kakhulu. Yiqiniso, kukhona ukwanda komsebenzi wezibalo kanye nobuqiniso bezibalo, kanye nempikiswano yokuthi kufanele kukhishwe yini lapho kuhlangatshezwana neziteshi zokulungisa ezivimbelayo. Ukuthi isibonakaliso sesilinganiso esiphelele singasibonakalisa ngempumelelo isimo sokuphathwa kwemishini kuncike ekutheni sisetshenziswa kanjani.

Izinga Lokwehluleka Kwemishini

Lesi sibonakaliso kulula ukusidida, futhi kunezincazelo ezimbili: 1. Uma kungukuphindaphindeka kokuhluleka, kuyisilinganiso senani lokuhluleka ekuqaleni kwangempela kwemishini (imvamisa yokuhluleka = inani lokucisha ukuhluleka / inani langempela lemishini eqalayo); 2. Uma kuyisilinganiso sokucisha ukuhluleka, Kuyisilinganiso sesikhathi sokucisha ukuphutha ekuqaleni kwangempela kwemishini kanye nesikhathi sokucisha ukuphutha (isilinganiso sesikhathi sokucisha = isikhathi sokucisha ukuphutha/(isikhathi sangempela sokuqala kwemishini + isikhathi sokucisha ukuphutha)) Ngokusobala, izinga lokucisha ukuphutha lingaqhathaniswa Libonisa ngempela isimo semishini.

Izinga Lokutholakala Kwemishini

Isetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni asentshonalanga, kodwa ezweni lakithi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomehluko phakathi kwesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esihleliwe (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esihleliwe = isikhathi sangempela sokusebenza/isikhathi sokusebenza esihleliwe) kanye nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sekhalenda (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sekhalenda = isikhathi sangempela sokusebenza/isikhathi sekhalenda). Ukutholakala njengoba kuchaziwe eNtshonalanga empeleni ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sekhalenda ngokwencazelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sekhalenda kubonisa ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwemishini, okungukuthi, noma ngabe imishini isebenza ngokushintshana okukodwa, sibala isikhathi sekhalenda ngokwemahora angama-24. Ngoba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifektri isebenzisa le mishini noma cha, izodla izimpahla zebhizinisi ngendlela yokwehla kwenani. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esihleliwe kubonisa ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwemishini. Uma isebenza ngokushintshana okukodwa, isikhathi esihleliwe singamahora ayi-8.

Isikhathi Esimaphakathi Phakathi Kokwehluleka (i-MTBF) Kwemishini

Enye indlela yokusebenza ibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza esingenazinkinga esimaphakathi “isikhawu esimaphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka kwemishini = isikhathi esiphelele sokusebenza esingenazinkinga esikhathini sesisekelo sezibalo / inani lokwehluleka”. Ihambisana nesilinganiso sesikhathi sokungasebenzi, ikhombisa imvamisa yokwehluleka, okungukuthi, impilo yemishini. Esinye sezinkomba ezimbili sanele, futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izinkomba ezihlobene ukukala okuqukethwe. Esinye isibonakaliso esibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokulungisa isikhathi esimaphakathi sokulungisa (MTTR) (isikhathi esimaphakathi sokulungisa = isikhathi esiphelele esichithwa ekulungiseni esikhathini sesisekelo sezibalo / inani lokugcinwa), esilinganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle komsebenzi wokulungisa. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bemishini, ubunzima bayo, ubunzima bokulungisa, indawo yamaphutha, ikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe ephakathi yochwepheshe bokulungisa kanye nobudala bemishini, kunzima ukuba nenani eliqondile lesikhathi sokulungisa, kodwa singalinganisa isimo sayo esimaphakathi kanye nentuthuko ngokusekelwe kulokhu.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kwemishini Yonke (OEE)

Isibonakaliso esibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ngokuphelele, i-OEE ingumkhiqizo wesilinganiso sokusebenza kwesikhathi, izinga lokusebenza lokusebenza kanye nesilinganiso somkhiqizo ofanelekayo. Njengomuntu, izinga lokusebenza kwesikhathi limelela izinga lokuba khona, izinga lokusebenza lokusebenza limelela ukuthi ngabe kufanele usebenze kanzima yini ngemva kokuya emsebenzini, futhi usebenzise kahle yini, kanti izinga lomkhiqizo ofanelekile limelela ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukuthi ngabe kwenziwa amaphutha avamile, nokuthi ngabe umsebenzi ungaqedwa ngekhwalithi nobuningi. Ifomula elula ye-OEE iwukusebenza kahle kwemishini iyonke i-OEE=umkhiqizo ofanelekile/umkhiqizo wethiyori wamahora okusebenza ahleliwe.

Ukukhiqiza Okuphumelelayo Okuphelele TEEP

Ifomula ebonisa kahle ukusebenza kahle kwemishini akuyona i-OEE. I-Total Effective Productivity TEEP=umkhiqizo ofanelekile/umkhiqizo wesikhathi sekhalenda, lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa amaphutha okuphathwa kwesistimu kwemishini, kufaka phakathi imiphumela ephezulu nephansi, imiphumela yemakethe kanye nokuhleleka, umthamo wemishini ongalingani, ukuhlela okungenangqondo kanye nokuhlela, njll. kuvela. Lesi sibonakaliso ngokuvamile siphansi kakhulu, asibukeki kahle, kodwa singokoqobo kakhulu.

Ukugcinwa Nokuphathwa Kwemishini

Kukhona nezinkomba ezihlobene. Njengezinga lokufaneleka kanye kuphela lekhwalithi yokulungisa, izinga lokulungisa kanye nezinga lezindleko zokulungisa, njll.
1. Izinga lokudlula kanye kuphela lekhwalithi yokulungisa lilinganiswa ngesilinganiso senani lezikhathi lapho imishini elungisiwe ihlangabezana khona nezinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo wokusebenza okukodwa kokulinga nenani lokulungisa. Ukuthi ifektri iyayamukela yini le nkomba njengesibonakaliso sokusebenza kwethimba lokulungisa kungafundwa futhi kuxoxwe ngakho.
2. Izinga lokulungisa liyisilinganiso senani eliphelele lokulungiswa ngemva kokulungiswa kwemishini nenani eliphelele lokulungiswa. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sangempela sekhwalithi yokulungiswa.
3. Kunezincazelo eziningi kanye nama-algorithms esilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa, esinye siyisilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka nenani lomkhiqizo wonyaka, esinye siyisilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka nenani lokuqala lezimpahla ngonyaka, kanti esinye siyisilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka nezimpahla eziphelele ngonyaka. Isilinganiso sezindleko zokufaka esikhundleni siyisilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka nenani eliphelele lempahla yonyaka, kanti esokugcina siyisilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka nezindleko zokukhiqiza zonyaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-algorithm yokugcina ithembeke kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ubukhulu besilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa abukwazi ukuchaza inkinga. Ngoba ukulungiswa kwemishini kuyinto efakwayo, edala inani kanye nomkhiqizo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunganele kanye nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo okubonakalayo kuzothinta umkhiqizo. Vele, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi kakhulu akukuhle. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukugcinwa ngokweqile, okuyimfucuza. Ukufakwa okufanele kulungile. Ngakho-ke, ifektri kufanele ihlole futhi ifunde isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali esifanele. Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme zisho ama-oda amaningi kanye nemisebenzi eminingi, futhi umthwalo emishinini uyanda, futhi isidingo sokulungisa naso siyanda. Ukutshala imali esilinganisweni esifanele kuwumgomo ifektri okufanele ilwele ukuwuphishekela. Uma unalesi sisekelo, lapho uphambuka kakhulu kulesi silinganiso, kulapho singaba ngcono khona.

Ukuphathwa Kwezingxenye Eziyisipele Zemishini

Kukhona nezinkomba eziningi, futhi izinga lokushintsha kwempahla yezingxenye ezisele (izinga lokushintsha kwempahla yezingxenye ezisele = ukusetshenziswa kwenyanga zonke kwezindleko zezingxenye ezisele / imali ejwayelekile yenyanga yezingxenye ezisele) iyinkomba emele kakhulu. Ibonisa ukuhamba kwezingxenye ezisele. Uma inani elikhulu lezimali zempahla lishiywe ngemuva, lizobonakala esilinganisweni sokushintsha kwempahla. Okubonisa futhi ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele yisilinganiso sezimali zezingxenye ezisele, okungukuthi, isilinganiso sazo zonke izimali zezingxenye ezisele nenani eliphelele lokuqala lemishini yebhizinisi. Inani laleli nani liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ifektri isedolobheni eliphakathi, ukuthi imishini ingeniswa yini, kanye nomthelela wesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini. Uma ukulahlekelwa kwansuku zonke kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini kuphakeme njengezigidi ezingamashumi zama-yuan, noma ukwehluleka kubangela ukungcola okukhulu kwemvelo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha komuntu siqu, futhi umjikelezo wokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye ezisele umude, inani lezingxenye ezisele lizoba phezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga lokuxhaswa kwezingxenye ezisele kufanele libe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. nciphisa. Kukhona inkomba engabonwa ngabantu, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kokugcinwa kwesimanje, okungukuthi, ukuqina kwesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokugcinwa (ukuqina kwesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokugcinwa = amahora okuqeqeshwa kokugcinwa/amahora okusebenza komuntu wokugcinwa). Ukuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ngesakhiwo semishini, ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa, ubungcweti kanye nokuphathwa kokugcinwa njll. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukubaluleka kanye nokuqina kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yabasebenzi bokugcinwa, futhi sibonisa ngokungaqondile izinga lamakhono obuchwepheshe bokugcinwa.