Izinga lobuqotho lemishini
Okusetshenziswa kakhulu kwalezi zinkomba, kepha umnikelo wawo kubaphathi ulinganiselwe. Ukubizwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukungahambi kahle kubhekisele ekulinganiselweni kwemishini ye-Impact kwinani eliphelele lemishini ngesikhathi sokuhlola (imishini yokulinganisa isilinganiso = Inani lemishini ye-Imbact / Inani lemishini). Izinkomba zamafektri amaningi zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-95%. Isizathu silula kakhulu. Okwamanje ukuhlolwa, uma imishini isebenza futhi akukho ukwehluleka, kubhekwa njengokusesimweni esihle, ngakho-ke le nkomba kulula ukuyifinyelela. Kungasho kalula ukuthi alikho ithuba eliningi lokuthuthuka, okusho ukuthi akukho lutho okufanele luthuthukise, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukuthuthuka. Ngalesi sizathu, izinkampani eziningi ziphakamisa ukuguqula incazelo yale nkomba, ngokwesibonelo, zihlose ukubheka kathathu ngomhlaka 8, 18, no-28 zenyanga ngayinye, futhi zithathe isilinganiso sezinga elingaqondile lelo nyanga. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile kungcono kunokuhlola kanye, kepha kuseyizinga elihle liboniswe kumachashazi. Kamuva, kwahlongozwa ukuthi amahora wethebula elinganqunyelwe aqhathaniswe namahora wethebula lekhalenda, futhi amahora wethebula elingagxili lilingana namahora wethebula lekhalenda kususa amahora aphelele ethebula lamaphutha nokulungiswa. Le nkomba inengqondo enkulu kakhulu. Vele, kukhona ukwanda komsebenzi wezibalo kanye nobuqiniso bezibalo, kanye nenkulumompikiswano yokuthi unciphise lapho uhlangabezana neziteshi zokuvimbela izivivinyo zokuvimbela. Ukuthi inkomba yesilinganiso esingaguquki ingabonisa ngempumelelo isimo sokuphathwa kwemishini kuya ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.
Izinga lokuhluleka kwemishini
Le nkomba kulula ukudideka, futhi kunezincazelo ezimbili: 1 2. Uma kungukuvalwa kokuvalwa kwe-Shutdown, kuyisilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphumula sephutha ekuqalisweni kwangempela kwemishini kanye nesikhathi se-Downime + isikhathi sokuphumula sephutha singafaniswa ngempela isimo semishini.
Izinga lokutholakala kwemishini
Kusetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kepha ezweni lami, kunomehluko ezimbili phakathi kwezinga lokusebenzisa isikhathi esihleliwe (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi / isikhathi sekhalenda sokusetshenziswa) Inani lesikhathi sekhalenda / isikhathi sekhalenda). Ukutholakala njengoba kuchaziwe eNtshonalanga empeleni kusetshenziswa isikhathi sekhalenda ngencazelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sekhalenda kukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwemishini, okungukuthi, noma ngabe imishini isebenza ku-shift eyodwa, sibala isikhathi sekhalenda ngokuya ngamahora angama-24. Ngoba noma ngabe ifektri isebenzisa le mishini noma cha, izodla izimpahla zebhizinisi ngendlela yokwehla. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esihleliwe kukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwemishini. Uma isebenza ekushintsheni okukodwa, isikhathi esihleliwe amahora angama-8.
Isikhathi esisho phakathi kokuhluleka (MTBF) kwemishini
Omunye ukwakheka kubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi esijwayelekile sokusebenza esingenazinkinga "Isikhawu esisho phakathi kokuhluleka kwemishini = isikhathi esiphelele sokusebenza okungenazinkinga ngesikhathi sezemihlulelo / inani lokwehluleka". Okuhambisanayo kwesilinganiso sokuphumula, kukhombisa imvamisa yokwehluleka, okungukuthi, impilo yemishini. Enye yezinkomba ezimbili kwanele, futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izinkomba ezihlobene ukukala okuqukethwe. Enye inkomba ekhombisa ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa kwesondlo ingesikhathi sokulungisa (MTTR) (isilinganiso sesikhathi sokulungisa = isikhathi esiphelele esichithwa ekunakekelweni kwesikhathi / inombolo yesondlo), esilinganisa ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle kwe-Statistical Base. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bemishini, ubunzima bawo, ubunzima bawo, indawo enephutha, isilinganiso sekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe bochwepheshe bokulungisa kanye nobudala bemishini, kodwa kunzima ukuba nenani eliqinisekile lesikhathi sokulungisa, kepha singalinganisa isimo salo esilinganiselwe kanye nenqubekela phambili esekelwe kulokhu.
Ukusebenza okuphelele kwensiza (OEE)
Isikhombi esibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini okuphelele, i-OEE ingumkhiqizo wesilinganiso sokusebenza kwesikhathi, isilinganiso sokusebenza sokusebenza kanye nezinga loMkhiqizo ofanele. Njengomuntu, isilinganiso sokuqalisa isikhathi simelela inani lababekhona, izinga lokusebenzisa ukusebenza limelela noma lisebenze kanzima ngemuva kokusebenza, nokuthi ngabe kusebenza kahle kanjani, nokuthi ngabe umsebenzi uvame ukuqedwa ngekhwalithi nenani. Ifomula elula ye-OEE isetshenziswa ngokuphelele i-OEE = Umkhiqizo Ofanelekile Wokukhipha / umphumela wezemibono wamahora wokusebenza okuhleliwe.
Inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza elisebenzayo
Ifomula ekhombisa kangcono ukusebenza kahle kwemishini akuyona eye-OEE. Inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza elisebenzayo = Umkhiqizo Ofanele Umkhiqizo / Umphumela we-Theoretical Isikhathi sekhalenda, le nkomba ibonisa amandla okuphathwa kohlelo lwemishini, kufaka phakathi umthelela wokuphambanisa kanye nemiphumela emibi, ukuhlela okungenangqondo kanye nokuhlela, njll. Le nkomba ngokuvamile iphansi kakhulu, ayibukeki kahle, kodwa yangempela kakhulu.
Ukulungiswa kanye nokuphathwa kwemishini
Kukhona nezinkomba ezihlobene. Njengezinga lesikhathi esiqeqeshiwe sekhwalithi esezingeni eliphezulu, izinga lokulungisa izinga lokulungisa, njll.
1. Izinga lokuphasa lesikhathi esisodwa sekhwalithi esengeziwe lilinganiswa ngesilinganiso senani lezikhathi imishini eyenziwe kahle ihlangabezana nenqubomgomo yecala elilodwa lokusebenza kwecala elilodwa. Ukuthi ngabe ifektri yamukela le nkomba njengoba inkomba yokusebenza yeqembu lesondlo ingafundwa futhi iboshwe ngamabomu.
2. Izinga lokulungisa isilinganiso senani eliphelele lokulungiswa ngemuva kokulungiswa kwemishini kwinani eliphelele lokulungiswa. Lokhu kukhombisa kwangempela kwekhwalithi yesondlo.
3. Kunezincazelo eziningi kanye nama-algorithms wezindleko zokulungiswa kwezindleko, isilinganiso sezindleko zokwakhiwa konyaka zokwakheka kwezindleko zonyaka, kanti enye iyisilinganiso sezindleko zonyaka zokwakhiwa konyaka wenani lempahla yonyaka, futhi okugcina kungukugcina kwezindleko zokwakheka zonyaka inani lokukhiqiza eliphelele lonyaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-algorithm yokugcina ithembeke ngokwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, ubukhulu benani lezindleko zokulungisa alikwazi ukuchaza inkinga. Ngoba ukugcinwa kwemishini kufakwa, okudala inani nokukhipha. Ukutshala imali okunganele nokulahleka kokukhiqiza okuvelele kuzothinta umphumela. Vele, ukutshala imali okuningi akukuhle. Ibizwa ngokuthi uzwela ngokweqile, okuwukuchitha. Ukufaka okufanelekile kulungile. Ngakho-ke, ifektri kufanele ihlole futhi ifunde isilinganiso esifanele sokutshala imali. Izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza zisho ama-oda amaningi nemisebenzi eminingi, nomthwalo emishini ekhuphuka, futhi isidingo sokulungiswa sibuye sikhuphuke. Ukutshala imali ngesilinganiso esifanele kuyinjongo yokuthi ifektri kufanele ilwele ukuyiphishekela. Uma unalesi sisekelo, kude nawe ophambuka kulolo metric, okungcono kakhulu.
Ukuphathwa kwezingxenye zemishini
Kunezinkomba eziningi, kanye nemali engenayo yezindawo zokusungula ezisele (isilinganiso sezindawo zokungena kwezindawo zokusungula = ukusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke kwezindleko zezindawo zokuphumula / izingxenye zanyanga zonke zokusungula imali) kuyinkomba emele ngokwengeziwe. Kubonisa ukuhamba kwezingxenye ezisele. Uma inani elikhulu lezinkundla zokusungula lihlelwe emuva, lizobonakala ngezinga lokuthola imali. Okubuye kubonise ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ze-spare izingxenye zezimali zezimali ezisele, okungukuthi, isilinganiso sazo zonke izingxenye zezimali ezisetshenziselwa inani lokuqala lemishini yebhizinisi. Inani laleli nani liyahlukahluka ngokuthi ifektri isedolobheni eliphakathi nendawo, ngabe imishini ingeniswa, kanye nomthelela wesikhathi sokuphumula. Uma ukulahlekelwa nsuku zonke kwezinsizakusebenza kuphakeme njengamashumi ezigidi zama-yuan, noma ukwehluleka okubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwezemvelo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha komuntu, futhi ukunikezwa kwezinto ezisetshenziselwa izindawo ezinde kuzobe kuphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga lokuxhaswa ngezimali zezindawo ezisele kufanele liphakeme ngangokunokwenzeka. Yehlisa. Kunenkomba engabonwa ngabantu, kepha ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kokulungiswa kwanamuhla, okungukuthi, ukuqina kwesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa (isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa sokuqina = amahora wokugcina / amahora wokugcina). Ukuziqeqesha kufaka ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lwesakhiwo semishini, ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa kanye nokuphathwa kokulungiswa njll. Le nkomba ikhombisa ukubaluleka nokuqina kwamabhizinisi ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yabasebenzi bezokugcina, futhi kukhombisa ngokungaqondile izinga lamandla wezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-17-2023